Module 1 and 2

Question 1

K > Q which reaction is favoured

Answer 1

Forward

Question 2

K < Q which reaction is favoured

Answer 2

Backward

Question 3

Will a precipitate form if Q > K

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Will a precipitate form if Q < K

Answer 4

No

Question 5

The stronger the acid or base, the _____ the conjugate

Answer 5

Weaker

Question 6

Ligands act as

Answer 6

Lewis bases

Question 7

Acid base reactions involve the exchange of

Answer 7

1 proton

Question 8

Redox reactions involve the exchange of

Answer 8

Electrons

Question 9

“X is titrated with Y” (where are these solutions located)

Answer 9

X in flask (unknown concentration), Y in burette (known concentration)

Question 10

Ratio of buffer made with weak acid or base and conjugate

Answer 10

1:1

Question 11

Ratio of buffer made with weak acid/base and strong acid/base

Answer 11

2:1

Question 12

Ionisation status depends on

Answer 12

pH of solution and pKa of functional group

Question 13

Percent protonated when >1 unit below pKa

Answer 13

90%

Question 14

Percent deprotonated when >1 unit above pKa

Answer 14

90%

Question 15

Amino acid pKa below which all are protonated

Answer 15

2.5

Question 16

Amino acid pKa above which all are deprotonated

Answer 16

9.5

Question 17

𝚫fH

Answer 17

change in enthalpy for the formation of 1 mole of a compound from its constituent elements in their standard states (already in standard states= 0)

Question 18

𝚫vapH

Answer 18

change in enthalpy for one mole of a substance changing from a liquid to a gas

Question 19

𝚫fusH

Answer 19

change in enthalpy for one mole of a substance changing from a solid to a liquid

Question 20

𝚫comH

Answer 20

change in enthalpy for the combustion of one mole of a substance in oxygen (products CO2, H2O)

Question 21

Negative change in enthalpy

Answer 21

Exothermic

Question 22

Positive change in enthalpy

Answer 22

Endothermic

Question 23

Spontaneous meaning

Answer 23

Once started continues without help, not necessarily to completion

Question 24

Standard entropy conditions

Answer 24

1molL^-1, 1 bar pressure, no value for temperature

Question 25

Positive Gibbs energy

Answer 25

Non spontaneous under standard conditions

Question 26

Negative Gibbs energy

Answer 26

Spontaneous under standard conditions

Question 27

Gibbs energy = 0

Answer 27

Equilibrium

Question 28

What does the magnitude of G tell us

Answer 28

How far a reaction will go to completion (no absolute value of G)

Question 29

𝚫fG for a pure element

Answer 29

0

Question 30

Units for enthalpy

Answer 30

kJmol^-1

Question 31

Units for entropy

Answer 31

JK^-1mol^-1

Question 32

Positive enthalpy and entropy

Answer 32

Spontaneous at high temperatures

Question 33

Negative entropy, negative enthalpy

Answer 33

Spontaneous at low temperatures

Question 34

Positive entropy, negative enthalpy

Answer 34

Spontaneous at all temperatures

Question 35

Negative entropy, positive enthalpy

Answer 35

Non spontaneous at all temperatures

Question 36

Units of k 0th order

Answer 36

molL^-1s^-1

Question 37

Units of k 1st order

Answer 37

s^-1

Question 38

Units of k 2nd order

Answer 38

Lmol^-1s^-1

Question 39

Units of k 3rd order

Answer 39

L^2mol^-2s^-1

Question 40

What is a pseudo first order reaction

Answer 40

[B] >> [A], when [B] changes [A] doesn't change much

Question 41

Unit for rate

Answer 41

molL^-1s^-1

Question 42

What is Ea

Answer 42

Energy difference between reactant and highest energy transition state

Question 43

Straight line Arrhenius equation rearrangement

Answer 43

lnk = -Ea/R 1/T + lnA

Question 44

When can you use the integrated rate law

Answer 44

Only for first order reactions

Question 45

The rate doubles for every ___ increase in temperature

Answer 45

10C

Question 46

E standard will always be _____ for a spontaneous reaction

Answer 46

Positive

Question 47

The smaller the Ka or Kb, the _____ the acid or base

Answer 47

Weaker

Question 48

The larger the pKa or pKb, the _____ the acid or base

Answer 48

Weaker

Question 49

The larger the Ka or Kb, the _____ the acid or base

Answer 49

Stronger

Question 50

The smaller the pKa or pKb, the _____ the acid or base

Answer 50

Stronger

Question 51

Ligand definition

Answer 51

Molecule or ion in which one or more donor atoms have a lone pair of electrons (biologically important donor atoms: N, O, P, S) (an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom by coordinate bonding.)

Question 52

Ligands act as

Answer 52

Lewis bases (donate electrons to transitional metal ion)

Question 53

When water is the ligand, resulting complex can act as

Answer 53

Weak base

Question 54

Ligand complex becomes more acidic as

Answer 54

Charge on cation increases

Question 55

What doesn't appear in Kc expressions

Answer 55

Pure solids AND liquids

Question 56

The _____ the acid or base, the ______ the conjugate

Answer 56

Stronger, weaker

Question 57

Straight line axes for linear first order reaction

Answer 57

ln[X] vs t

Question 58

Arrhenius equation

Answer 58

K = Ae^-Ea/RT