Module 1 and 2 Flashcards by Calen Avelino

“The utilization of the nursing process in the different levels of clientele-individuals, families, population groups and communities, concerned with the promotion of health, prevention of disease and disability and rehabilitation.”

(Maglaya, et al)

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A learned practice discipline with the ultimate goal of contributing as individuals and in collaboration with others to the promotion of the client’s optimum level of functioning (OLOF) thru’ teaching and delivery of care

(Jacobson)

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GOAL: “To raise the level of citizenry by helping communities and families to cope with the discontinuities in and threats to health in such a way as to maximize their potential for high-level wellness.”

(Nisce, et al)

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A service rendered by a professional nurse to IFCs. population groups in health centers, clinics, schools, workplace for the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick at home and rehabilitation

(Dr. Ruth B. Freeman)

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Masustanyang Pagkain para sa Batang Pilipino Act ____

11037

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“The philosophy of CHN is based on the worth and dignity of man”

(Dr. M. Shetland)

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unit of care in CHN

family

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four levels of clientele:

individual, family, population group, and the community

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ROLES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

who speaks on behalf of the client

Health Advocator

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ROLES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

is a health care provider, taking care of the sick people at home or in the RHU

Clinician

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ROLES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

who establishes multi-sectoral linkages by referral system

Facilitator

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ROLES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

who aims towards health promotion and illness prevention through dissemination of correct information; educating people

Health Educator

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ROLES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

who’s working with other health team member

Collaborator

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ROLES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

*prepares and submits required reports and records
*maintain adequate, accurate and complete recording and reporting
*reviews, validates, consolidates, analyzes, and interprets all records and reports
*prepares statistical data/ chart and other presentation

Recorder/Reporter/Statistician

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NOTE: In the event that the Municipal Health Officer (MHO) is unable to perform his duties/ functions or is not available, the Public Health Nurse will take charge of the MHO’s responsibilities

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ROLES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

who motivates changes in health behavior to promote and maintain health

Change Agent

ROLES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

*participates in the conduct of survey studies and researches on nursing and health-related subjects

*coordinates with government and non-government organization in the implementation of studies/research

*LGU: provincial to municipal

Researcher

the model postulates that health-seeking behavior is influenced by a person’s perception of a threat posed by a health problem and the value associated with actions aimed at reducing the threat

-good model for addressing problem behaviors that evoke health concerns (e.g., high-risk sexual behavior and the possibility of contracting HIV)

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL (HBM)

*proposed that health deficits often result from an imbalance between a population’s health needs and its health sustaining resources

*she challenged the common notion that a main determinant for unhealthful behavioral choice is lack of knowledge

*she proposed that most human beings make the easiest choices available to them most of the time

*health promoting choices must be more readily available and less costly than health damaging options for individuals to gain health

*this theory is broader than the HBM, it includes economic, political and environment health determinants rather than just the individual’s perceptions

MILIO’S FRAMEWORK FOR PREVENTION

*the model explores many biopsychosocial factors that influence individuals to pursue health promotion activities.
*the model depicts complex multidimensional factors which people inter act with as they work to achieve optimum health.
*it is about the perception of people
*mahirap promote ang health if hindi nila

NOLA PENDER’S HEALTH PROMOTION

“PRECEDE” which stands for

Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation

is a community-oriented, participatory model for creating successful community health promotion interventions.
*It is a participatory model, ideas and help come from the community
*Community involvement also means building community ownership of the intervention
-dapat marecognize nila yung problems
*Considers the ways in which administrative and policy guidelines can limit or shape an intervention
*Incorporates evaluation of the process, the intervention itself, and the outcome. The intervention can be monitored and adjusted according to the community’s needs

LAWRENCE GREEN’S PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL (PPM) (Greene and Kreuter)

Phase 1: Social Assessment
Phase 2: Epidemiological Assessment
Phase 3: Educational and Ecological Assessment
Phase 4: Intervention Alignment

Conduct data analyses, using data sources such as vital statistics, census data, provincial or national and labor surveys, medical, administrative, and consumer data

*These sources provide indicators for morbidity, mortality, and disability in a population and help specify subgroups at particular risk
-vital statistics, demographics

*Subgroups may be characterized by factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, education, income and geographic location

determine which of them are most likely to be modifiable
-
example: if problem ang diarrhea check their geographic location baka wala silang source ng malinis na water
*
Assess factors contributing to the health problems

*Behavioral factors
-behaviors or lifestyles at risk, contributing to the severity of the health problem

*Environmental factors
-are social, economic, and physical factors external and beyond the control of the individual which can be modified to positively affect the health outcome of interest

*Modifying environmental factors usually requires strategies other than education and counseling
* in this phase, you identify which problem are the most modifiable

PHASE 2: Epidemiological Assessment

PHASE _: _____ * Determines people’s perceptions of their own health-related needs and quality of life - “Ano po sa tingin Ninyo ang problema sa community niyo?” *It is at this stage that health planners broaden their understanding through multiple data collection activities, such as interviews of key opinion leaders, FGDs with members of the community, observational data gathering, or surveys *At this phase, the problem-solving capacity, strengths, resources, and readiness to change are also considered *The relationship between health and quality of life is reciprocal, with each affecting the other *Remember that people value health not as an end in itself but being healthy enables them to achieve other goals *If we understand the audience concerns, we can develop programs that are relevant and thus increase the chances of being effective and well-received

PHASE 1: Social Assessment

* In Phase _, you identify the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that act as supports for or barriers to changing the behaviors and environmental factors you identified in Phase 2 - may problem na

PHASE 3: Educational and Ecological Assessment

which type of factor is this example * people’s characteristics that motivate them toward health-related behavior * factors that either motivate/ hinders the behavior of the community people - ex. may hypertension, sa knowledge nila, normal ‘yon and part ng aging - or mali ‘yong way nila (skills)

pre-disposing factors

which type of factor is this example *factors that make it possible (or easier) for individuals or populations to change their behaviour or their environment -conditions in people and the environment that facilitate or impede health related behavior *enables the people to become successful -resources, place and time

enabling factors

which type of factor is this example - feedback given by support persons or groups resulting from the performance of health-related behavior - example: to promote environmental factors, iniipon nila ‘yong mga bote then may kapait na coins - may incentives or rewards

re-enforcing factors

*The delineation of the intervention strategies and final planning for implementatio *Identify “best practices” and other sources of guidance for intervention design *Ensure that there are no internal factors that may act as barriers when trying to implement changes *Identify administrative, regulation, and policy issues that can influence the implementation of the program or intervention -dapat na-v-view din ng administrative level ‘yong mga problems

PHASE 4: Administrative and Policy Assessment and Intervention Alignment

-PROCEED set of objectives and rules guiding the activities of an organization or administration

P- POLICY-

-PROCEED - the act of implementing policies and enforcing rules or law -

R- REGULATION-

-PROCEED - – bringing together and coordinating of resources necessary to implement a strategy.

O- ORGANIZATION

PHASE _ * The potential object of interest in this type of evaluation, includes all program inputs, implementation activities, and stakeholders’ reaction. * This phase is used to evaluate the process by which the program is implemented. * This phase determines whether the program is being implemented according to protocol, and determines whether the objectives of the program are being met. * It also helps identify modifications that may be needed to improve the program. - assessment ng paraan kung paano in-implement ‘yong program - includes assessment of the amount, defree ng umattend or nag-participate sa mga programs mo - if may na-encounter man na problem, adjust na agad PHASE 7: Impact

6: Process Evaluation

PHASE __ * Assesses change in predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors as well as behavioral and environmental factors * Evaluate the initial success of your efforts * Is the intervention having the desired effect on the behavioral or environmental factors that it aimed in changing? * Is it actually doing what you expected? - evaluate ‘yong behavior, environment,

7: Impact Evaluation

PHASE __ * Determines the effect of the program on the health and quality of life indicators (Changes in behavior, morbidity, and mortality) * Is your intervention really working to bring about the outcome the community identified in Phase I?

8: Outcome Evaluation

* In Phase 1, social diagnosis, you ask the community what it wants and needs to improve its quality of life. * In Phase 2, epidemiological diagnosis, you identify the health or other issues that most clearly influence the outcome the community seeks. * In these two phases, you create the objectives for your intervention. * In Phase 2, behavioral and environmental diagnosis, you identify the behaviors and lifestyles and/or environmental factors that must be changed to affect the health or other issues identified in Phase 2, and determine which of them are most likely to be changeable. * In Phase 3, educational and organizational diagnosis, you identify the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that act as supports for or barriers to changing the behaviors and environmental factors you identified in Phase 2. * In these two phases, you plan the intervention. * In Phase 4, administrative and policy diagnosis, you identify (and adjust where necessary) the internal administrative issues and internal and external policy issues that can affect the successful conduct of the intervention. * Those administrative and policy concerns include generating the funding and other resources for the intervention. * In Phase 5, implementation, you carry out the intervention. * In Phase 6, process evaluation, you evaluate the process of the intervention - i.e., you determine whether the intervention is proceeding according to plan, and adjust accordingly. * In Phase 7, impact evaluation, you evaluate whether the intervention is having the intended impact on the behavioral and environmental factors it’s aimed at, and adjust accordingly. * In Phase 8, outcome evaluation, you evaluate whether the intervention’s effects are in turn producing the outcome(s) the community identified in Phase 1, and adjust accordingly.