Module 1 and 2 Flashcards by Ashley Justine Lomboy

APGAR SCORING

determines how well the baby tolerated the birthing
process.

1 minute score

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APGAR SCORING

tells the doctor how well the baby is doing outside the
mother’s womb.

5 minute score

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This score means severely depressed

0-3

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This score means the baby is good or healthy.

7-10

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This score means the baby is moderately depressed

4-6

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SILVERMAN – ANDERSEN INDEX - NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS GRADING

What grade is no respiratory distress

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SILVERMAN – ANDERSEN INDEX - NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS GRADING

What grade is with moderate distress

4-6

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SILVERMAN – ANDERSEN INDEX - NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS GRADING

What grade is with severe distress

7-10

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This assessment represents the neuromuscular and physical maturation of the fetus.

Ballard Maturational Assessment

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delivered at 37 to 40 weeks of development in the uterus

Full-term infant

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delivered before 37 weeks of development in the uterus

Pre-term infant

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Weight of a preterm infant?

less than 5½ pounds (2.5 kg)

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Erythropoiesis decreases after birth as a result of increased tissue oxygenation due to the onset of breathing and closure of the ductus arteriosus, and a reduced production of erythropoietin

Anemia of prematurity

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What supplement can assist in
formation of RBCs

Vitamin E

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What therapeutic management will help anemia of prematurity.

a. DNA recombinant erythropoietin
b. Vitamin E supplement
c. Blood transfusion (RBC
transfusion)
d. Iron supplement

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refers to short episodes of stopped breathing in babies who were born before they were
due.

APNEA OF PREMATURITY

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What therapeutic management is done for apnea?

a. Gently stimulate during periods when breathing stops
b. Give caffeine preparation to help stimulate their breathing
c. Suction children with apnea
d. Change the position
e. Use a bag and mask to help them breathe
f. Slower feeding time
g. Give oxygen

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Causes blood vessels to grow abnormally and randomly in the eye.

RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ROP)

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This may be effective in preserving sight of those with retinopathy.

Cryosurgery or laser therapy

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This promotes the
growth of bifidobacterial.

Breastfeeding

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What is expected from the mother to prevent prematurity?

Eat nutritious diet
Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and drugs unless they are needed to treat a medical condition
Receive early and regular prenatal care for early recognition and treatment of complications
of pregnancy

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This will help Severely premature infants who have underdeveloped lungs

Glucocorticosteroids

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This delays delivery beyond 24–48 hours to allow for transfer and give administered
corticosteroids the possibility to reduce neonatal organ immaturity.

Tocolysis

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This can delay delivery by 2–7 days

Calcium-channel blockers and an oxytocin antagonist

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This delays delivery by 48 hours but carry more side effects.

β2-agonist drugs

Infants that are born of a gestation that extends beyond 40 weeks

POST TERM (POST MATURE INFANTS)

This is usually recommended when infants are significantly overdue.

Induction of labor

What do you do if a post term infant is lethargic because of meconium aspiration

Intubate to suction as much meconium

For post term, this may be needed to support breathing

Mechanical Ventilator

What treatment is advised if the post term infant is hypoglycemic

- Give glucose solutions by IV - frequent breast milk or formula feedings

What is the appropriate weight for a full-term infant?

heavier than 2,500 grams (about 5.5 lbs.) and lighter than 4,000 grams (about 8.75 lbs.)

Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are small for their age because they have experienced _____?

Intrauterine growth restriction or retardation (IUGR)

What do you call when Birth weight falls below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth curves.

SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (SGA)

An infant whose birth weight falls above the 90th percentile on intrauterine growth charts; also termed Macrosomia

LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (LGA)

an overgrowth syndrome, affected infants are larger than normal (macrosomia) and continue to grow and gain weight at an unusual rate during childhood.

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Cerebral Gigantism, extraordinary physical growth in children in the first 2 to 3 years of their life, accompanied with subtle mental retardation, autistic behavior, motor skills delays, cognitive disorder, muscle tone and dysarthria. Large at birth, taller, have more weight, and also tend to have larger hands and feet

Sotos' syndrome

- A condition of surfactant deficiency and physiologic immaturity of the thorax - Also known as “Hyaline Membrane Disease”

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

is a slippery substance produced by cells in the airways and contains phospholipids and proteins.

Surfactant (Between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, a fetus begins producing "surfactant" in his or her lungs)

by what week does a fetus has developed enough surfactant for his or her lungs to function normally.

35 weeks

- the first intestinal discharge from newborns - a sterile viscous, dark-green substance composed of lanugo, swallowed amniotic fluid, and intestinal secretions (eg, bile); 85-95% is water, the major liquid constituent

Meconium

When a mother has __________, there is a lack of adequate blood flow to the baby, which can cause fetal distress, leading to the untimely passage of meconium.

Placental insufficiency

This is when the placenta does not carry adequate oxygen and nutrition for the fetus due to maternal underperfusion

Preeclampsia

When the placental membranes are ruptured and amniotic fluid infection occurs

chorioamnionitis

This leads to passage of meconium from neural stimulation of a maturing gastrointestinal system.

Fetal Hypoxia

This is essential in order to confirm the diagnosis of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)

Chest radiography

Refers to a generalized bacterial infection in the bloodstream that occurs in an infant younger than 90 days old

SEPSIS NEONATORUM (SEPTICEMIA)

TYPES OF SEPSIS - (less than 3 days after birth) - acquired in the perinatal period - Infection can occur from direct contact with organisms from the maternal GI and genitourinary tracts.

Early-onset sepsis

TYPES OF SEPSIS - 1 to 3 weeks after birth or Day 8 and 9 of NB - primarily nosocomial

Late-onset sepsis

- Jaundice of the newborn - Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia - Bili lights – jaundice

HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA

This is associated with an increased incidence of jaundice.

Breast-feeding

This type of jaundice begins at 2 to 4 days of age and occurs in approximately 12% to 13% of breast-fed newborns.

Breast-feeding—associated jaundice (early-onset jaundice)

This therapy is done to manage hyperbilubinemia.

Phototherapy

COMPLICATIONS OF HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA - indirect bilirubin levels as high as 20 mg/100ml

Kernicterus

- a sudden, unexpected death of an infant younger than 1 year old (between 2 months and 4 months) which may occur during sleep, whilst awake, or just after exercise. - Occur between the hours of 10 at night and 10 in the morning

SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS)

Is a chronic lung disease in which there is airway obstruction, airway inflammation & airway hyper responsiveness or spasm of the bronchial smooth muscle.

Asthma

is an inherited tendency to develop allergies

Atopy

This is when a person develop asthma because of contact with certain chemical irritants or industrial dusts in the workplace

Occupational asthma

This test is to measure how sensitive the airways are

Bronchoprovocation test

This test is to check how the lungs are working. This test measures how much air a person can breathe in and out. It also measures how fast you can blow air out.

Spirometry

This is to help find out whether a foreign object in the airways or another disease might be causing the symptoms

Chest x ray or an EKG (electrocardiogram)

initially mild respiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation then subsequently respiratory acidosis

Arterial blood gas

➢ Inflammation of lung parenchyma ➢ Classified according to etiologic agent ➢ Classified according to location and extent of pulmonary involvement

PNEUMONIA

Location and Extent of Pneumonia – involve segment of one or more lobe

Lobar Pneumonia

Location and Extent of Pneumonia – terminal bronchioles and involve nearby lobules

Bronchopneumonia

Location and Extent of Pneumonia – confined to alveolar walls, peribronchial and interlobular tissues.

Interstitial pneumonia

From the failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth

PERSISTENT PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

Neurodevelopmental problems have been linked to lack of maternal thyroid hormones at a time when their own thyroid is unable to meet postnatal needs

PERIVENTRICULAR / INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE

What Therapeutic Management is done for PERIVENTRICULAR / INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE

Cranial ultrasound

specific IgG production is delayed in newborns, and 33% of VLBW neonates have substantial hypogammaglobulinemia,

NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS

Management for Necrotizing enterocolitis:

Encourage all mothers to initially provide breastmilk for their preterm neonates

usually recommended when infants are significantly overdue.

Induction of labor

Management for SGA:

1. exchange transfusions to dilute the bloods 2. IV solution to sustain blood sugar

What secretes the surfactant?

Alveolar epithelium

This inability to maintain lung expansion produces widespread _____?

Atelactasis

MINOR SIDE EFFECTS OF PHOTOTHARAPY - Increased tanning due to use of oily lubricants or lotions on the skin

Frying effect

MINOR SIDE EFFECTS OF PHOTOTHARAPY - Infants develop a dark, gray-brown discoloration of skin, urine, and serum due to the accumulation of porphyrins and other metabolites

Bronze baby syndrome

Module 1 and 2 Flashcards

(76 cards)