Module 1: Basic Principles, Body Temperature and Thermoregulation Flashcards
(26 cards)
Physiology (formal definition)
The biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
Physiology (operational definition)
The study of how the cells interact with their “environment” to obtain the things required for life
Cellular Level
epithelial, connective tissue, nerve, muscle
Tissue Level
groups of cells with common structure and function
Organ Level
organization of different tissues to perform specific functions
System Level
several organs organized carry out major body functions
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
inside of cells
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
outside of cells
Interstital Fluid
ECF that is not in the circulatory system
Plasma
liquid portion of blood
Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic. TRUE or FALSE
True
Metabolic Rate (MR)
the amount of energy an animal uses in a unit amount of time
Size Principle
relationship between animal size and heat exchange with environment
In a large animal heat exchange per unit volume is ____ and heat retention is ____
low, good
In a small animal heat exchange per unit volume is _____ and heat retention is ______
high, poor
Homeostasis
maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
Feedback systems have
sensor, integrator, effector
Sensor
measures some aspect of the internal environment (ex: temp)
Integrator
compares the sensor measurement to a reference value (set point) ex: normal temp
Effector
the output of the system that changes the internal environment (ex: increases temp)
Negative Feedback
The effector counteracts the initial sensor stimulus
Positive Feedback
The effector increases the initial sensor stimulus.
-leads to rapid change
Convection
Occurs when environmental medium (air or water) moves over the body surface
Free convection
environmental medium not mechanically moved
