Module 1: Biochemistry & Cell Biology

Question 1

Anything that takes up space, by having a volume, and has mass.

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Matter can exist in a

Answer 2

in a solid, liquid, gaseous (vapor), or plasma state.

Question 3

All matter is made up of certain basic substances called

Answer 3

Elements

Question 4

Essential elements are

Answer 4

required for human life

Question 5

Trace elements are required

Answer 5

only in small quantities.

Question 6

Elements cannot be broken down

Answer 6

to simpler substances and there are only ninety-two naturally occurring elements.

Question 7

Molecules are formed

Answer 7

when elements combine with one another.

Question 8

If the types of atoms in a molecule are different from each other,

Answer 8

a compound is formed.

Question 9

Ions

Answer 9

are atoms (or molecules) with a net electrical charge that can be negative or positive based on the gain or loss of electrons, respectively.

Question 10

Cations

Answer 10

are positively charged ions.

Question 11

Anions

Answer 11

are negatively charged ions.

Question 12

ionic bonds

Answer 12

are generated based on the attraction between oppositely charged particles

Question 13

A covalent bond occurs

Answer 13

when electrons are shared by two atoms to complete the valence shells of both.

Question 14

In general, covalent bonds exist between

Answer 14

two non-metals.

Question 15

Polar molecules also

Answer 15

interact easily with other polar molecules.

Question 16

hydrogen bond

Answer 16

a relatively weak bond, which is often represented by a dotted line because it is easily broken.

Question 17

Biomacromolecules are found

Answer 17

in living organisms and are comprised of four main types of organic compounds: (1) carbohydrates, (2) lipids, (3) proteins and (4) nucleic acids.

Question 18

Each biomacromolecule is made up of many attached units of smaller molecules called

Answer 18

monomers (mono- meaning “one”).

Question 19

The biomacromolecules are said to be

Answer 19

polymers (poly- meaning “many”) since they contain many monomers.

Question 20

Carbohydrates

Answer 20

commonly referred to as sugars, are the primary source of fuel for organisms and have the same three elements in their main structure: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, and O, respectively).

Question 21

Monosaccharides

Answer 21

are simple sugar (saccharide) carbohydrates made up of a single monomer (mono).

Question 22

Polysaccharides

Answer 22

are complex sugars made of many (poly) monosaccharides linked together and are named according to the number of sugars.

Question 23

What is a Dehydration reaction?

Answer 23

a water molecule is lost from the reactant side of the chemical equation.

Question 24

Hydrolysis

Answer 24

involves the separation of water molecules to break bonds in the reacting molecule.

Question 25

starch is the primary form utilized

Answer 25

by plants to store glucose

Question 26

glycogen

Answer 26

used by humans and animals found within liver and muscle cells.

Question 27

Atoms

Answer 27

Building blocks of matter

Question 28

What is a molecule?

Answer 28

Group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together Atoms can be of the same or different elements