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Information Technology CAPE IT > Module 1 CAPE IT UNIT 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 CAPE IT UNIT 1 Flashcards

(113 cards)

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1
Q

What is information processing?

A

The manipulation of data to produce useful information.

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2
Q

There are ____ types of information processing.

A

There are two types of information processing.

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3
Q

What are the two types of information processing?

A

The two types of information processing are:
1. Manual Information Processing
2. Automated Information Processing

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4
Q

Define manual information system.

A

A manual information system is an information system in which all the tasks needed to turn information into data are performed by humans (i.e. no mechanical or electronic devices are used to perform any of the tasks).

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5
Q

The five components of manual information processing:

A

The five components of manual information processing are:

Collection - gathering the data

Collation - combining the gathered
data

Analysis - examining the data to
make it useful.

Presentation - put gathered data into
useful form to gain
meaningful output

Dissemination - distribute the output

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6
Q

Advantages of automated information processing over manual information processing:

A

1) Faster processing

2) Improved productivity (since computers can work longer than humans).

3) Reduced errors.

4) Elimination of paper based processes (better for the environment)

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7
Q

What are the different types of automated information processing systems?

A
  1. Management Information System
  2. Decision Support System
  3. Executive Information System
  4. Expert System
  5. Transaction Processing System`
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8
Q

What are the components of automated information processing?

A
  1. Input - Data entry and data capture
  2. Process - Use of a computer to analyze
    data
  3. Store - Store analyzed data
  4. Retrieve - Retrieve analyzed data.
  5. Output - Present data to users.
  6. Transmit - Send presented data to stake holders.
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9
Q

What are the different types of automated information systems?

A

Management Information System (MIS)

Executive Information System (EIS)

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Decision Support System (DSS)

Expert System

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10
Q

Expert System

A

An expert system is an information system which utilizes artificial intelligence to solve problems which usually require a knowledgeable human to solve.

e.g. DXplain - Medical expert system which diagnoses various diseases.

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11
Q

Transaction Processing System

A

A transaction processing system is an information system which collects, stores, modifies and retrieves all the transactional data of an organization.

e.g. ATM (Automated Teller Machine)
Airline reservation system
Order Processing System

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12
Q

Decision Support System

A

A decision support system (DSS) helps the strategical management of a company make decisions by providing them with models, analysis tools and information.

e.g. A 5 - year operating plan

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13
Q

Management Information System

A

A management information system is an information processing system which condenses and converts data from a transaction processing system into information used to monitor performance in an organization.

e.g. An annual budgeting system

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14
Q

Executive Information System

A

An executive information system is a more advanced form of the management information system.

The executive information system provides executives with an overview of the entire company which allows them to be in tune with all the operations at every level of the organization.

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15
Q

What is data?

A

Data is raw facts and figures obtained through observation, measurements or opinions.

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of data?

A

Data is:
Unorganized
Unprocessed
Discrete(in separate unrelated chunks)

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17
Q

What are the two main types of data?

A

Qualitative and Quantitative

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18
Q

What is qualitative (subjective) data?

A

Qualitative data is data that is concerned with description that can be observed but not measured.

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19
Q

What is quantitative (objective) data?

A

Quantitative data is data that focuses on numbers and mathematical calculations and can be calculated and computed .

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20
Q

Detailed Data vs Sampled Data

A

Detailed Data is data that measures/includes facts about every occurrence of something

e.g. measuring the weigh of every single packet of m&ms

                     while

Sampled Data uses typical measurements to represent the whole

e.g. measuring every 100th packet of m&ms

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21
Q

What is information?

A

Information is data that have been converted for into a meaningful and useful context for use by a specific user.

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22
Q

Distortion (Characteristic of Information):

A

Distortion of information is when the information is presented in such a way that induces a particular interpretation.

e.g. Two people break up and the one who was broken up with implies that they did the breaking up (without stating it). This information is distorted because it leads the receiver to believe something that is not true intentionally.

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23
Q

Disguise (Characteristic of Information):

A

Disguised information is information which has certain aspects of it hidden in order to discourage certain interpretations.

e.g. A janitor at a large corporation putting on his resume that he works/worked at said corporation without including that he is the janitor. This incomplete provision of information discourages the interpretation that he could be a janitor simply by omitting that fact.

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24
Q

Reliability (Characteristic of Information)

A

Information that is reliable is credible and trustworthy. Information needs to be reliable because it can be used to make critical decisions.

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25
Inconsistency (Characteristic of Information)
Information that is inconsistent is information which states one thing somewhere and then later contradicts itself / says something completely different elsewhere. Inconsistent information cannot be trusted. e.g. If you tell your boss you are 21 but tell your supervisor you are 24 you have given inconsistent information.
26
Incomprehensibility (Characteristic of Information)
Incomprehensible information is information that is unclear and difficult or impossible to understand. e.g. A soup recipe written with illegible handwriting.
27
Subject to Interpretation (Characteristic of Information):
Information can be interpreted differently by different people. e.g. A pregnant girl could be excited about her pregnancy but her boyfriend could view it as the end of the world.
28
Value (Characteristic of Information)
Information that has value is important to the oner and can be used for competitive gain. e.g. An I.T. company could be informed of the code for a new lucrative type of software.
29
Relevance (Characteristics of Information):
Information that is relevant is clearly applicable to a person or situation. If information is not relevant to the recipient it is useless. e.g. If you tell someone who is completely uninterested in gaming that there is a sale on Mortal Kombat the information will mean nothing to them and therefore be irrelevant to them.
30
Confidentiality (Characteristic of Information)
Information is confidential when it is only available to a very restricted set of users and must not be viewed by anyone it is not intended for.
31
Timeliness (Characteristics of Information)
Timeliness refers to the availability of information when it is needed. Timely information is available when it is needed; untimely information is information given at a time when it is no longer needed (after the time it was needed). e.g. If your friend know there is traffic on X road before you get on X road and tells you so you can avoid it that is an example of timely information. However, if he tells you that he knew there was traffic on X road after you turned onto X road the information is meaningless and at that point untimely.
32
Completeness (Characteristic of Information)
Information is complete when it contains all the facts on the subject matter. Incomplete data leads to bad decisions. e.g. If you are studying for an exam and the notes are incomplete then you would study the incomplete notes, believe that you've studied all the necessary information, stop studying and then end up failing the exam that you had "studied" for.
33
Security (Characteristics of Information)
Information is secure when it is accessible by authorized users and access by unauthorized users is prevented.
34
Security (Characteristics of Information)
Information is secure when it is accessible by authorized users and access by unauthorized users is prevented.
35
Shareability (Characteristics of Information)
Shareability of information refers to how easily it is shared with those that need it.
36
Accessibility (Characteristics of Information)
Accessibility of information refers to how easily information is accessed by those who need it.
37
Lifespan (Characteristic of Information)
The lifespan of information is the length of time that the information remains relevant or useful.
38
Information as a Commodity (Characteristics of Information)
Since information has value, it can be sold. e.g. A book teaching how to play piano can be sold because the information inside is valuable to people who are interested in learning piano.
39
Format (Characteristic of Information)
The format of information is the way in which the information is presented. e.g. text, audio, picture, pie chart, table
40
What is a network interface card (NIC)?
A network interface card is a hardware component that allows the computer to communicate with other computers over a network.
41
What is a router?
A router is a device that connects two or more networks in order to manage traffic between the networks and also in order for multiple devices to use the same network.
42
What is a modem?
A modem is a hardware component used for dial-up connections (internet connections over telephone lines). The modem modulates (encodes) analog signals so that the computer can understand them and then it demodulates (decodes) the signals that are sent over the analog (telephone) lines.
43
What is software?
Software, also known as a program, is a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do and how to do it.
44
What is software?
Software, also known as a program, is a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do and how to do it.
45
System Software:
System Software consists of the programs that control and maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. System software also acts as the interface between the hardware, the user and the application software. e.g. device drivers, Mac OS, Windows 8, MS-DOS, Android, IOS
46
Application Software:
Application software is software that helps the user perform the tasks of his/her choice. e.g. Word Processors, Spreadsheets, Web Browsers, etc.
47
Sub Types of software are:
Freeware Propriety Software Shareware Utility Software Browsers Project Management Software Content Control Software Open Source Software
48
Freeware (Sub-types of Software):
Freeware is software that can be downloaded from the internet and used for free by any user. e.g. GIMP, Audacity
49
Propriety Software (Sub-types of Software):
Propriety software is software that is owned by a single entity a leased to other parties who wish to use it. e.g. Adobe Lightroom, FL Studio, Ableton Live, Norton Antivirus
50
Shareware (Sub-types of Software):
Shareware is a type of proprietary software that is free of cost up to a certain time period (on a trial basis). e.g. WinZip
51
Utility Software (Sub-types of Software):
Utility Software is software that helps to maintain the smooth and proper operation of the computer system. e.g. Disk Cleaner, Registry Cleaner, Defragmenter, Antivirus Software
52
Content Control Software (Sub-types of Software):
Content Control Software is software that restricts the content that an internet user can access. e.g. PG Surfer, WebTitan
53
Project Management Software (Sub-types of Software):
Project Management Software is software use to plan, allocate and organize resources for managing a project. e.g. ClickUp, Microsoft Project, Trello
54
Web Browser (Sub-types of Software):
A web browser is a type of software that provides users with a way to access all the information on the world wide web. e.g. Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge
55
Search Engine (Internet Based Tools):
A search engine is a program that searches the world wide web for specified keywords and returns a list of all the websites that contain said keywords. e.g. Bing, Yahoo, Google
56
USENET (Internet Based Tools):
A worldwide bulletin board system that contains a multitude of forums known as newsgroups which cover a wide range of interests.
57
Internet Relay Chat (Internet Based Tools):
Internet Relay Chat is a chat system which allows users to message each other in near real time.
58
Telnet (Internet Based Tools):
Telnet is a command driven program which allows users to access servers and remote computers.
59
File Transfer Protocol (Internet Based Tools):
File transfer protocol is the mist commonly used internet protocol for the exchange of file over the internet.
60
Message Board (Internet Based Tools):
A message board is the general term for any online bulletin board where you can leave messages and expect responses to them.
61
Mailing List (Internet Based Tools):
A mailing list is a list of email addresses identified by a single name. When an email is sent to the single name it is forwarded to all the emails in the list.
62
Internet Telephony (Internet Based Tools):
Internet telephony is a combination of hardware and software which utilize the internet as the transmission medium for making telephone calls.
63
Information Source Characteristics:
Accuracy - Refers to if the information is factual. Currency - Refers to if the information is up to date. Objectivity - Refers to how partial or impartial an information source is. Relevance - Refers to the importance of the information source to a person's needs. Breadth of Coverage - Refers to how much information the source covers and if it is acceptable for the purpose it is intended for.
64
Bandwidth:
Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted by a transmission medium over a fixed period of time.
65
Telecommuting:
Telecommuting is working remotely (from home) via an internet connection.
66
Modulation:
Modulation is the conversion of analog signals into digitals signals so that a computer system can understand them.
67
Transmission Medium:
A transmission medium is the means by which data is transmitted over a network. OR The means used to transmit data over a network.
68
What is a blog?
A blog is a reverse chronological log of activities/posts on a particular topic.
69
What is a wiki?
A wiki is a collaborative website that collects information contributed by multiple people on certain topics.
70
What are the communication tools?
Web Conferencing Social Networking Sites Smart Phone Email Mail Fax Machines
71
What is information systems?
Information systems is the combination of hardware, software and telecommunications systems to collect, process, filter and distribute useful information.
72
What is hardware?
Hardware is all the physical or tangible components of a computer system.
73
What is hardware?
Hardware is all the physical or tangible components of a computer system.
74
Telecommunications (Component of information systems) :
Telecommunications are hardware and software that facilitates the fast transmission and reception of text, pictures, sound and animation as electronic data.
75
People (Component of Information Systems):
People as a component of information systems refers to information systems professionals and users who analyze organizational needs, write computer programs, design and construct information systems, operate hardware and maintain software.
76
Communication Channel:
A communication channel is the path that facilitates the communication of data and is composed of one or more tranmission media.
77
Physical Communication Channel:
Physical communication channels are specialized cables which connect computers and their peripherals to form computer networks.
78
Network:
A network is a group of interconnected nodes/computing devices that are able to share resources and communicate with each other.
79
Internet:
The internet is a global network which consists of billions of connected computers and other electrical devices.
80
Intranet:
An intranet is a TCP/IP based network that is usually owned by a corporation/organization which only allows access to members of the corporation such as employees.
81
Extranet:
An extranet is an intranet which provides partially authorized outsiders with limited access.
82
Local Area Network (LAN):
A local area network is a network of computers that is confined to a relatively small geographical area.
83
Wide Area Network (WAN):
A Wide Area Network is a network that spams a relatively large geographical area and consist of multiple interconnected local area networks.
84
Metropolitan Area Network:
A metropolitan area network is a computer/data network that is typically designed for university campuses, small regions, towns or cities and are usually connected via wireless infrastructure or fibre optic cables.
85
Define network topology:
A network topology is the configuration or physical arrangement of the nodes of a network.
86
What are the three main types of network topology?
1. Bus 2. Ring 3. Star
87
Describe the bus topology.
Bus topology is a network topology in which all the nodes are connected to a central cable called a bus.
88
What are the advantages of having a network with bus topology?
- It is easy to add a node/computer to a network with bus topology. - Bus topology is typically the cheapest option. - If one node shuts down/fails it does not affect the other nodes.
89
What are the disadvantages of bus topology?
- With a bus topology, if the entire network fails it will be hard to determine the problem. - Bus topology requires terminators at both ends of the central cable. -With bus topology, the performance of the network decreases when more nodes are added
90
What are the disadvantages of bus topology?
- With a bus topology, if the entire network fails it will be hard to determine the problem. - Bus topology requires terminators at both ends of the central cable. -With bus topology, the performance of the network decreases when more nodes are added. - If the central bus is broken then the entire network shuts down.
91
Describe ring topology.
Ring topology is a network topology in which each node is connected to two other nodes in order to form an enclosed ring.
92
What are the advantages of a ring topology?
- Since ring topology moves in one direction, high speed transmission of data is made possible. - Each node in a ring topology network boosts the signal (acts as a repeater) which allows for ring topology to span greater distances than other topologies. - Addition of nodes to network with bus topology has minimal effect on other nodes.
93
What are the disadvantages of ring topology?
- Failure of a node may affect other nodes. - Ring topology is typically the most expensive topology.
94
Describe Star Topology.
A star topology is network topology in which there is a central hub (that acts as a router to transmit messages) to which the nodes are connected.
95
What are the advantages of a star topology?
- Star topology is easy to set up and extend. - Star topology is well suited for temporary networks because it can be set up quickly. - If a node other than the central hub fails it will not have major effects on the other nodes.
96
What are the disadvantages of star topology?
- Star topology has limited number of stations and limited cable length. -If the central hub of star topology fails the entire network shuts down. - The central hub can cause limited data flow to the other nodes this is known as bottleknecking.
97
What is a protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules tat dictates how communications should occur.
98
What is a Uniform Resource Locator?
A uniform resource locator is a unique identifier that is used to locate a resource on the internet. e.g. https://www.google.com/poop Parts of a URL (using above example): Protocol - https:// Sub-Domain - www. Domain and domain suffix - google.com Directory - /poop
99
What is the System Development Life Cycle?
The Systems Development Life Cycle is a conceptual mode used to develop a project/software and make it operational.
100
How many stages are in the System Development Life Cycle?
There are 7 (seven) stages/ steps in the System Development Life Cycle.
101
What are the seven stage of the System Development Life Cycle?
The seven stages of the System Development Life Cycle are: 1. Planning 2. System Analysis and Requirements 3. System Design 4. Development 5. Integration and Testing 6. Implementation 7. Operation and Maintenance
102
Describe the planning stage of the System Development Life Cycle.
In the planning stage of the System Development Life Cycle the scope of the problem is laid out and its solution is determined.
103
Describe the System Analysis and Requirements stage of the System Development Life Cycle.
In the System Analysis and Requirements stage of the System Development Life Cycle, both the functional requirements of the project and the needs of the end user are assessed/ taken into consideration.
104
Describe the System Design Stage of the System Development Life Cycle.
In the System Design stage of the System Development Life Cycle, the specification, features and operations necessary to fulfiul the functional requirements and needs (which were taken into consideration in the System Analysis and Requirements Stage) are described.
105
Describe the Development Stage of the System Development Life Cycle.
In the Development stage of the System Development Life Cycle, IT professionals are brought in to write code/build an application that coincides with the design that was put in place in the System Design stage of the cycle.
106
Describe the Integration and Testing stage of the System Development Life Cycle.
In the Integration and Testing stage of the System Development Life Cycle, the developed program is integrated and tested by a quality assurance professional to ensure that it meets the goals that it was initially set out to meet.
107
Describe the the Implementation stage of the System Development Life Cycle.
In the Implementation stage of the System Development Life Cycle, the now tested program is put into production and the old system is replace via a direct cutover.
108
Describe the Operation and Maintenance stage of the System Development Life Cycle.
In the Operation and Maintenance stage of the System Development Life Cycle, the regular updates and any fine tuning and changes that the end users may want to make take place.
109
What is a Gantt Chart?
A gantt chart is a visual/graphic representation of how long certain activities will take.
110
What is a prototype?
A prototype is a working model of the proposed design/system. i.e. a funtional form of the solution not in it final stage.
111
What is an Entity Relationship Diagram?
An entity relationship diagram is a diagram which shows the connection between the entities in a system.
112
What is a data flow diagram?
A data flow diagram shows how data is transformed as it flows through a system and the function which cause the transformation of said data.
113
What is Computer Aided Software Engineering?
Computer Aided Software Engineering is the use of computer based support in the software development process.

Information Technology CAPE IT (1 decks)

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