MODULE 1 CBC Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
CBC is previously know as?
A
Full Blood Count
2
Q
CBC is consist of
A
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
WBC Count
RBC Count
Differential Count
Platelet Count
RBC Indices
3
Q
Factor for Hemoglobin
A
10
4
Q
Conventional Units for Male in Hemoglobin
A
14-17.5 g/dL
5
Q
SI units for Female Hemoglobin
A
123-153 g/L
6
Q
SI units for Male Hemoglobin
A
140-175 g/L
7
Q
Conventional Units for Female for Hemoglobin
A
12.3-15.3 g/dL
8
Q
Principle of Hemoglobin
A
Used to diagnose and follow treatment of anemia
9
Q
Hemoglobin is INCREASED in:
A
Polycythemia vera
Morning
Strenuous Exercise
High Altitudes
10
Q
Hemoglobin is DECREASED in:
A
Anemia
11
Q
Hemoglobin is SLIHTLY LOWER in:
A
Patient lying down
12
Q
Cyanmethhemoglobin method is also know as
A
Hemiglobincyanide Method
13
Q
Principle of Cyanmethemoglobin
A
Reference method for hemoglobin
Measure all forms of hemoglobin except SULFHEMOGLOBIN
14
Q
Drabkin’s Reagent Consist of:
A
Potassium Ferricyanide
Potassium Cyanide
Dihydrogen Potassium Phosphate
Nonionic Detergent
Distilled Water
15
Q
Converts HEMOGLOBIN into METHEMOGLOBIN
A
Potassium Ferricyanide
16
Q
Convers METHEMOGLOBIN into CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN
A
Potassium Cyanide
17
Q
Shortens conversion time from 10-15 mins. to 3 mins.
A
Dihydrogen Potassium Phosphate
18
Q
Enhances LYSIS of RBC’s
A
Nonionic Detergent
19
Q
Example of NONIONIC DETERGENT
A
Steroz
Triton X
20
Q
Drabkin’s reagent should be
A
Clear and pale yellow
21
Q
Very poisonous and must be kept in a locked cabinet at all times when not in use.
A
Potassium Cyanide
22
Q
Sources of Error in Hemoglobin Dtermination
A
Lipemia
Increased WBC’s and Platelets
HbS and HbC
Increased Globulins
Overanticoagulation
23
Q
Correction need for LIPEMIA
A
corrected using patient blank
24
Q
Correction need for Increased WBC’s and Platelets
A
Corrected by centrifuging test mixture and testing hemoglobin on the supernatant fluid
25
Correction need for HbS and HbC
Dilute hemoglobin with distilled water
26
Correction need for Increased globulins
Use of Dihydrogen Potassium Phosphate
27
Principle of HEMATOCRIT
Term Packed Cell Volume; measure how much is your blood consist or RBC
HEMATOCRIT term used to describe the method.
28
Relationship of Hb and Hct in Ratio
1:3
29
The relationship of Hb and Hct in Ratio may vary in
Cause of anemia and the effect on the RBC Indices especially in MCV.
30
Factor in Hct
0.01
31
SI units for Male Hct
0.415-0.504 volume fraction
32
Conventional Units for Male Hct
41.5-50.4%
33
Conventional Units for Female Hct
35.9-44.6%
34
SI units for Female Hct
0.359-0.446 volume fraction
35
Reference manual method for Microhematocrit
Spun Microhematocrit
36
Microhematocrit tube long, bore and holds blood..
75mm
1mm
0.05 mL
37
Anticoagulant for RED Capillary Tube
Sodium Heparin
38
Anticoagulant for Blue Capillary Tube
Plain
39
Anticoagulant for Green Capillary Tube
Ammonium Heparin
40
Anticoagulant for ORANGE Capillary Tube
Lithium Heparin
41
Clay plug should be ___mm long
4-6 mm long
42
Layers of Blood after cnetrifugation
Fatty Layer
Plasma
Buffy Coat
Packed RBC's
Sealing Clay
43
Color of Bead in Thoma Pipette for WBC
White
44
Color of Bead in Thoma Pipette for RBC
Red
45
Volume of the Bulb for Thoma Pipette for RBC
100
46
Volume of the Bulb for Thoma Pipette for WBC
10
47
Dilution Range for Thoma Pipette for RBC
1:100-1:1000`
48
Dilution Range for Thoma Pipette for WBC
1:10-1:100
49
Outstanding Marks for Thoma Pipette for RBC
0.5, 1, 101
50
Outstanding Marks for Thoma Pipette for WBC
0.5, 1, 11
51
Factor in RBC Count and WBC Count
10^6
52
SI Units for Female in RBC Count
4.5-5.1 X 10^12/L
53
SI Units for Male in RBC Count
4.5-5.9 X 10^12/L
54
Conventional Units for Male in RBC Count
4.5-5.9 X 10^6 u/L
u/L- units per liter
55
Conventional Units for Female in RBC Count
4.5-5.1 X 10^6 u/L
56
Hct result should be agree with
+ - 0.02 L/L
L/L- Liter of cells per liter of blood
57
RBC is HIGHER in
Newborns
58
RBC is SLIGHTLY DECREASE in
Childhood/adolescence and after 50 yrs of age
59
RBC is INCREASED in
Polycythemia
Dehydration
High Altitudes
60
RBC is DECREASED in
Anemia
61
Procedure of Manual RBC Count
1. Draw blood up to 0.5 mark of thoma pipette, and add the diluting fluid for 101 mark
2. Shake the pipette in a mechanical shaker for 3 mins.
3. Discard the first 4 drops from the pipette and fill the counting chamber.
4. Count RBC's in 5 Small central squares.
5. Calculate the RBC count
* Total no. of RBC's Counted X 50
62
Dilution of RBC Count
1:200
63
Dilution for Polycythemia
1:300
64
Dilution for Severe Anemia
1:100
65
Principle of RBC Diluting Fluid
Should be isotonic to prevent lysis of RBC's
66
Examples of RBC's Diluting Fluid
Hayem's
NSS
Dacie's (Formol-Citrate)
Toisson's
Gower's
Bethel's
3.8% Na Citrate
67
Conventional Units for WBC Count
4.4-11 X 10^3/uL
/uL- Microliters
68
SI Units for WBC Count
4.4-11.3 X 10^9/L
69
WBC Count is Higher in
Newborns
1 yr old
Adult
70
WBC in Newborns
10-30 X 10^9/L
71
WBC in 1 year old
6-17 X 10^9/L
72
WBC in Adult
4-11 X 10^9/L
73
Diurnal Variation of WBC
Highest in AFTERNOON
Lowest in MORNING
74
Anticoagulant used for WBC
EDTA
75
Unsatisfactory Anticoagulant for WBC
Heparin
76
Principle of WBC Diluting Fluid
Lyses the RBC so that they will not obscure the WBC
76
Principle of WBC Diluting Fluid
Lyses the RBC so that they will not obscure the WBC
77
Example of WBC Diluting Fluid
1% Ammonium Oxalate
2-3% Glacial Acetic Acid with Gentian Violet
1% Hydrochloric Acid (IMH Used)
Turk's Solution (Glacial Acetic Acid & methyl Violet)
78
Procedure in WBC Count
1.Draw blood exactly 0.5 mark and dilute up to 11 mark with diluting fluid
2. Mix the pipette in the mechanical shaker for 3 Mins.
3. Discard first 4 drops of the mixture and fill the hemocytometer
4. Count the 4 Corner Square using LPO
5. Calculate the WBC count by multiplying the # of WBCs Counted in 4 Squares by 50
79
Cleaning Solution for the Neubauer Chamber
95% Alcohol
80
Cells that are not lysed by the WBC Diluting Fluid
Sickle Cells
Target Cells
81
Wedge Blood Smear is also known as
Spreader Slide
Push Smear
2 Slide method
82
Position of spreader slide
30-45 degree angle
83
Extremely Thick Smears are caused by:
Decreased pressure
Increased angle of spreader slide
Increased size of blood
Increased speed of spreader
84
Extremely Thin Smears are caused by:
Increased pressure
Decreased angle of spreader slide
Decrease size of blood
Decrease speed of spreader
85
Other types of Blood Smears
Cover Slide Method
Automation Blood Films
Buffy Coat Smear
Thick and Thin Blood Film
86
Principle of Cover Slide Method
2 cover slide are used
utilized extensively for BM exams
87
Procedure for Cover Slide Method
1. Small drop of blood in one cover slide and place another cover slip on the top (8 pointed star overlapping)
2. If spread is complete, pull 2 slide apart.
3. Air dry and already ready for staining.
88
Principle of Wedge (Push) Type
Stimulate the manual spreader technique
89
Principle of Buffy Coat Smear
Centrifuge Blood in wintrobe tube for 15 mins. at 15000g or 6 mins. at 1000g and aspirate buffy coat.
Easier to locate bacteria or parasite
90
What is a NONVITAL POLYCHROME STAIN
Produce multiple colors when applied to cellular elements
91
Ex. of NONVITAL POLYCHROME STAIN
Romanowsky Stains
92
What is a NONVITAL MONOCHROME STAIN
Stain specific cellular components
93
Ex. of NONVITAL MONOCHROME STAIN
Prussian Blue
94
Principle of Prussian Blue
Visualizes iron granules in RBC
95
What is a SUPRAVITAL STAIN
Stain specific cellular components in the living state. No fixative are used in the staining process.
96
Ex. of SUPRAVITAL STAIN
New Methylene Blue
97
Principle of NEW METHYLENE BLUE
Precipitate RNA in reticulocytes
Basic Dye
+ Charge
stains acidic compound of the cell (Nucleus blue/purple)
98
Principle of Romanowsky Stain
Routinely used to stain peripheral blood and BM Smears
considered to be polychromatic stain
basically contain methylene blue and eosin
99
Eosin
Acidic Dye
- Charge
Stains Basic Compound of the Cell (cytoplasm oramge/pink)
100
Eosin
Acidic Dye
- Charge
Stains Basic Compound of the Cell (cytoplasm oramge/pink)
101
Principle of DIFFERENTIAL COUNT
Determine the relative number of each type of WBC and at the same time a study of RBC, WBC and platelet morphology is performed.
102
3 part differential count
granulocyte, lymphocyte and monocytes
103
5 part differential count
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
104
Relative Value of Neutrophil Segmented
50-70%
105
Absolute Value of Neutrophil Segmented
1.8-7.8 X 10^9/L
106
Relative Value of Neutrophil Band
0-5%
107
Absolute Value of Neutrophil Band
0-0.70 X 10^9/L
108
Relative Value of Eosinophil
1-3%
109
Relative Value of Basophil
0-2%
110
Relative Value of Lymphocytes
18-42%
111
Relative Value of Monocytes
2-11%
112
Absolute Value of Eosinophil
0-0.45 X 10^9/L
113
Absolute Value of Basophil
0-0.20 X 10^9/L
114
Absolute Value of Lymphocytes
1.0-4.8 X 10^9/L
115
Absolute Value of Monocytes
0-0.80 X 10^9/L
116
Counting Methods
Cross Sectional or Crenellation
Longitudinal
Battlement
117
Principle of Cross Sectional or Crenellation
WBCs are counted consecutive fields as the blood film is moved from side to side
118
Principle of Longitudinal
Ideal method if the smear is thin enough
Counted in consecutive fields from tail toward the head of the smear
119
Principle of Battlement
Uses a pattern of consecutive fields beginning near the tail on a horizontal edge.
120
Principle of RBC Indices
Useful in the morphologic characterization of anemia
Calculations introduced by Wintrobe
121
Conventional Unit of MCV
80-96 um3
um3-one cubic microliter
122
Conventional Unit of MCH
27.5-33.2 pg
picogram
123
Conventional Unit of MCHC
33.4-35.5%
124
Factor of MCV and MCH
1
125
Factor for MCHC
0.01
126
SI Units for MCHC
0.334-0.355
127
SI Units for MCV
80-96 fL
femtoliter
128
SI Units for MCH
27.5-33.2 pg
129
MCV
Mean Corpuscular Value
MCV= Hct/RBC X 10
Indicate average volume of RBC
130
Interpretation of MCV
Macrocytic RBC >96 fL
Normocytic RBC 80-96 fL
Microcytic RBC <80 fL
131
MCH
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
MCH= Hb/RBC X 10
Average content of Hb in RBC
Less valuable than MCV and MCHC
132
Interpretation MCH
INCREASED in MACROcytic Anemia
DECREASED in MICROcytuc Anemia and Hypoochromic Anemia
133
MCHC
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
MCHC= Hb/Hct X 100
Average concentration of Hb in each individual RBC in g/dL
134
Interpretaion of MCHC
Hyperchromia >35.5% (sperocytes)
Normochromia 33.4-35.5%
Hypochromis <33.4% (IDA and Thalassemia)
135
RDW
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width
RDW= SD of MCV/Mean of MCV X 100
Indicates degree of anisocytosis (variation of cell size)
Determine from the RBC Histogram
136
RDW Normal Value
12-17%
