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Biology yr 11 > Module 1 - Cells as the Basis of Life > Flashcards

Module 1 - Cells as the Basis of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

All living things are made from cells. What dot point is this from?

A

Cell Theory

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2
Q

Unicellular organisms are made of…

A

Only one cell

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3
Q

Multicellular organisms are made up of…

A

More than one cell

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4
Q

What type of organism is the oldest form of life?

A

Unicellular

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5
Q

bacteria, protozoa, certain algae and certain fungi or yeasts are…

A

Unicellular

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6
Q

nerve cells, skin cells, blood cells, bone cells are…

A

Multicellular

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7
Q

Are prokaryotes are unicellular or multicellular?

A

Unicellular

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8
Q

Are Eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular?

A

Multicellular

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9
Q

Is prokaryote or eukaryote smaller?

A

Prokaryote

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10
Q

What classification of cell as no membrane bound organelles?

A

Prokaryote

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11
Q

How do prokaryotes participate in cell division?

A

Binary Fission

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12
Q

How do Eukaryotes participate in cell division?

A

Mitosis

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13
Q

What classification of cell is divided into two groups and what are they?

A

Prokaryotes, and the two groups are Archaea and Bacteria

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14
Q

What classification of cell is divided into kingdoms and what are they?

A

Eukaryotes and the kingdoms are Plants, Fungi, Protist and Animals

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15
Q

Is it Eukaryote or Prokaryote that can be both unicellular and multicellular?

A

Eukaryote

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16
Q

What classification of cells has no nucleus?

A

Prokaryote cells

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17
Q

What are the similarities of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes?

A

DNA, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm

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18
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

An organism that makes their own food via photosynthesis

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19
Q

What are some examples of autotrophs?

A

Algae, Moss, Ferns, plants

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20
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

An organism that cannot make its own food and must eat other organisms

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21
Q

What are some examples of heterotrophs?

A

Yeast, mould, mushrooms, mammals, birds, fish

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22
Q

What are the differences between a plant and animal cell?

A

Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole.

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23
Q

All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms are…

A

Eukaryotes

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24
Q

What is Binary Fission?

A

An organism duplicates its genetic material, or DNA, and then divides into two parts, with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA. Binary fission is the primary method of reproduction of prokaryotic organisms.

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25
What is Mitosis?
It is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division by mitosis is an equational division which gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. This is what Eukaryote cells rely on.
26
What is Meiosis
It is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome. This is what humans rely on.
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What is cytoplasm and what is it responsible for?
The cytoplasm is responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage. It stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape.
28
What is the Nuclear membrane and what is it responsible for?
It serves to separate the chromosomes from the rest of the cell. It includes an array of small holes or pores that permit the passage of certain materials.
29
What is the Nucleus and what is it responsible for?
The nucleus is a large spherical oval structure in the cytoplasm. It is transparent and colourless. There are two main functions for a nucleus including; storing the cell’s DNA and being responsible for the growth of the cells, reproduction etc. The nucleus produces ribosomes. Contains the genetic information of a cell to control the develops and the functioning of the whole cells
30
What are ribosomes and what are they responsible for?
Ribosomes are a cell structure that assists with making protein. Ribosomes are found floating around in the cytoplasm and/or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
31
What are chloroplasts and what are they responsible for?
Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells. Photosynthesis occurs in this section of the cell. The chloroplast uses the sunlight to convert the energy into sugars to power the plant cells. Inside of the chloroplasts, there are little green chlorophylls.
31
What is the Golgi body and what is it responsible for?
The Golgi body is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. There are numerous functions of the Golgi such as sorting and processing proteins. They are also responsible for determining which proteins are allowed outside of the cell. They take in the ribosomes, a bit like a post office.
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What are lysosomes and what are they responsible for?
Digest and remove waste from the cell. They contain digestive enzymes. They are the stomach of the cell. Lysosomes are surrounded by a layer of lipids acting as a membrane
32
What is the mitochondria and what is it responsible for?
The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. They produce the energy for the cell known as ATP through cellular respiration. Responsible for creating more than 90% of the energy needed to sustain life. Animals have more than plants.
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What is the cytoskeleton and what is it responsible for?
The cytoskeleton is present in all cells. They are a complex network of interlinking filaments and tubules throughout the cytoplasm. They support shape and help facilitate movement.
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What is the centrioles and what is it responsible for?
These are found in pairs in animal cells, they are involved in formation of the spindle for mitosis
33
What is the cell wall and what is it responsible for?
The cell wall provides support and protection for the cell. They are only found in plant cells. Cell walls lie on the outside of the cell membrane
34
What is the plasma membrane and what is it responsible for?
Provides protection for a cell and provides a fixed environment inside the cell, and that membrane has several different functions. Transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell. Surrounds the whole cell. It regulates what goes in and out of the cell
34
What is the Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) and what is it responsible for?
Is involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins
34
What is the Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) and what is it responsible for?
Largely associated with lipid manufacture and metabolism and steroid production hormone production. It also has a detoxification function.
35
What is the Vacuole and what is it responsible for?
Found only in plant cells, used as food storage for the plant. It contains cell sap. In some cells, takes up 80-90% of the cell volume. A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell.
35
What are lipids?
Fat
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Biology yr 11 (1 decks)

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