Module 1 :Chemistry in Everyday Life

Question 1

anything occupies space and has mass

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

part of phases of matter

Answer 2

solid
liquid
gas
plasma
bose einstein condensates

Question 3

state of matter with a defined appearance. It has its own shape, and has very little to no molecular movement. This is the state of matter with a very rigid molecular structure. An example is diamond.

Answer 3

Solid

Question 4

the state of matter with molecular movement. Its movement is dictated by how fast the liquid flows. It has no shape of its own due to its loose molecular structure. Instead, it takes the shape of its container. An example is a glass of lemon juice.

Answer 4

Liquid

Question 5

state of matter with high molecular movement. Its molecular structure is looser than liquid. It behaves the same way as a liquid. An example is the air we breathe.

Answer 5

Gas

Question 6

formed when particles are cooled to near. Absolute zero

Answer 6

bose einstein condensates

Question 7

state of matter with a very high molecular movement. Due to heat, a gas becomes plasma due to the energy it absorbs and releases, making its molecules move even faster. High temperature plasmas glow a certain color. An example is the neon light fixture seen in restaurants.

Answer 7

Plasma

Question 8

matter happens when heat is introduced. Heat allows molecules to absorb energy, thereby increasing its energy levels. Increasing energy means movement among particles. Removing heat causes the molecules to lose energy, compacting together.

Answer 8

Phase transitions

Question 9

liquid to gas

Answer 9

vaporization

Question 10

solid to liquid

Answer 10

melting

Question 11

gas to plasma

Answer 11

ionization

Question 12

plasma to gas

Answer 12

deionizartion

Question 13

gas to liquid

Answer 13

condensation

Question 14

liquid to solid

Answer 14

freezing

Question 15

solid to gas

Answer 15

sublimation

Question 16

gas to solid

Answer 16

deposition

Question 17

process of adding heat to a solid, causing its form to become a liquid

Answer 17

melting

Question 18

process of adding heat to a liquid, causing its loose molecular bonds to break further, turning into a gas

Answer 18

evaporation

Question 19

process of adding heat to a gas, adding energy to it, charging the molecules into ions

Answer 19

ionization

Question 20

process of removing heat in a plasma, returning the ions to a ground state, becoming a gas. Sometimes called deionization.

Answer 20

recombination

Question 21

process of transferring energy in gas molecules to the surrounding area, forcing the gas molecules to form bonds and coalesce into a liquid

Answer 21

Condensation

Question 22

process of transferring heat in liquids to the surrounding area, forcing the molecules to reform and bond into a solid

Answer 22

freezing

Question 23

process of adding energy to a solid, dissipating into a gas without transitioning to the liquid phase

Answer 23

sublimation

Question 24

process of transferring energy from the gas molecules to the surrounding area, forcing them to combine and make “deposits” of clumped gas molecules together, reforming into a solid

Answer 24

deposition

Question 25

part of properties of matter

Answer 25

physical properties extensive properties intensive properties chemical properties

Question 25

is the property of matter in which the material can be quantified using measurements. It is also the property in which the material can also be assessed by the five senses. o Examples are mass, color, length

Answer 25

physical properties

Question 26

is the property in which the material is assessed from its chemical structure, processes, and results. o Examples are flammability, toxicity, enthalpy (total heat content in a system)

Answer 26

chemical properties

Question 27

is the property in which the material is dependent on its physical properties. If any physical property changes in a material, its extensive properties change accordingly. o Examples are mass, area, length

Answer 27

extensive properties

Question 28

is the property in which the material is independent on its physical properties. o Examples are color, temperature, density

Answer 28

intensive properties

Question 29

substance with varying compositions

Answer 29

mixture

Question 30

a mixture in which the components can still be identified

Answer 30

heterogenous

Question 31

– a mixture with observed properties as homogeneous mixtures, but heterogeneous when subjected to tests

Answer 31

colloids

Question 32

a mixture with a very uniform composition

Answer 32

homogenous(solution)

Question 33

substance with uniform composition

Answer 33

pure substance

Question 34

– a substance composing of only one kind of atom

Answer 34

element

Question 35

a substance composing of molecules, a combination of atoms which are made up of 2 or more elements

Answer 35

compound

Question 36

parts of consumers products

Answer 36

food additive cleaning agents active ingredients cosmetics

Question 37

are substances added to food and/or beverages to improve flavor and appearance. They are also used to preserve the natural taste of food.

Answer 37

food additives

Question 38

are substances that are biologically active. They are used mostly in pharmaceutical drugs and commodities like soap, powders, and others.

Answer 38

active ingredients

Question 39

are substances that are used to remove dirt, along with dust, stains, clutter, and foul odor. They may also kill some harmful microorganisms in the cleaning process.

Answer 39

cleaning agents

Question 40

are substances that enhance the consumer’s appearance. also improve the consumer’s fragrance.

Answer 40

cosmetics

Question 41

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CLEANING AGENTS

Answer 41

Surfactants Bleaching agents Disinfectants

Question 42

are chemical agents that aid in cleaning surfaces that contain oil, stains, and dirt, which usually are not soluble in water. They include a hydrophilic (waterloving) polar head and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) nonpolar tail. The head interacts with polar molecules like water, while the tail that is usually comprised of a hydrocarbon chain attaches to nonpolar substances like oil.

Answer 42

Surfactants

Question 43

are formulations that cause whitening – or lightening – to an affected substrate by solubilizing color-producing substances or by altering their light-absorbing properties. These substances are usually oxidizing agents, such as peroxides and chlorine.

Answer 43

Bleaching agents

Question 44

are substances made to lessen, if not eradicate, harmful microbes on surfaces. Sanitizers work in the same manner as disinfectants.

Answer 44

Disinfectants

Question 45

Types of Cleaning Agents

Answer 45

General-purpose cleaners Bathroom cleaners Special surface cleaners Stain and deposit removers

Question 46

are substances that are weakly alkaline intended for a variety of uses. Compounds found in these cleaners are generally alcohols, silicates, sodium carbonate, phosphates, and sodium EDTA.

Answer 46

General-purpose cleaners

Question 47

are products specifically designed for bathroom surfaces, such as tubs, tiles, and toilet bowls, which generally develop stains like mildew. They are either acidic or alkaline, depending on the surface they will be used on. Alkaline cleaners are best to use for bathroom floors, walls, tiles, and bathtubs because they preserve the enamel finishes of these surfaces; acidic cleansers can damage enamels. Cleansers with acidic active ingredients like phosphoric acid and citric acid are recommended for other bathroom parts with rust and mineral deposits. Some cleansers have additional components, such as surfactants, that aid in the removal of soap and fatty deposits. Furthermore, toilet bowl cleaners are usually liquid and acidic and may contain bleaching agents such as hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorite.

Answer 47

Bathroom cleaners

Question 48

are substances designed to clean certain surface materials such as glass, vinyl, carpets, and upholstery, to name a few. Glass cleaners typically contain water, glycol ethers, ammonia, and alcohols. They are commercially available as moistened towelettes or liquid or aerosol sprays. Carpet and upholstery cleaners are sold as liquid shampoos or as powders. Both forms may contain surfactants, foam stabilizers, alcohols, and/or glycol ethers, but the powders may have additional porous carrier materials that trap dirt. One advantage of powders over liquids is that they allow for more natural cleaning of the surface with vacuum cleaners.

Answer 48

Special surface cleaners

Question 49

are substances designed to remove spots, usually with the aid of abrasive materials such as steel wools and brushes. They are typically commercialized in fluids and stick forms, but they can also be sold in powder and paste forms. These substances contain crystalline and amorphous silica, feldspar, clay, and chalk alongside surfactants, solvents, and enzymes. They are sometimes improved by adding ingredients such as sodium carbonate, bleaching agents, and oxalic acid.

Answer 49

Stain and deposit removers

Question 50

CLASSIFICATIONS OF COSMETICS

Answer 50

lotions deodorant perfume shaving creams toothpaste shampoo| skin whiteners

Question 51

substances that generally moisturize and soften the skin. They usually contain mineral oil, beeswax, preservatives, and perfumes or fragrances. Lotions that contain a high amount of hydrating ingredients are specifically called moisturizers. They contain emollients that decrease skin flaking by creating a layer of oil on top of the skin. This layer traps water and prevents it from escaping the skin, thus keeping the skin hydrated.

Answer 51

lotions

Question 52

are products designed to prevent and remove unpleasant body smells and are available in the market as liquids, powders, or sprays. They contain aluminum or zirconium compounds as active ingredients.

Answer 52

deodorants

Question 53

are products that impart a fragrant odor and are usually composed of aromatic oils, alcohol, and water.

Answer 53

perfumes

Question 54

soften hair strands in many different parts of the body, which allows for their easy removal. They are mainly made up of stearic acid, mineral oils, water, perfume, and preservatives.

Answer 54

shaving creams

Question 55

which cleanse and polish teeth and freshen breath, contain polishing agents, surfactants, sweetener, and flavoring agents.

Answer 55

toothpastes

Question 56

are used to cleanse hair, with their main ingredients include surfactants and antidandruff substances. Other components include colors, perfumes, and preservatives.

Answer 56

shampoos

Question 57

which are among the most popular products nowadays, contain bleaching or antioxidant substances like glutathione, Metathione, hydroquinone, tretinoin, and kojic acid that inhibit melanin production in the skin.

Answer 57

skin whiteners