Module 1: Circulation ❤️

Question 1

Name the first step of the path of blood:

Answer 1

1. Blood enters the heart from the body. It is deoxygenated

Question 2

Name the second step of the path of blood:

Answer 2

2. Blood is then pumped to the lungs to pick up some oxygen

Question 3

Name the third step of the path of blood:

Answer 3

3. Blood is now oxygenated and travels back to the heart

Question 4

Name the fourth and final step of the path of blood:

Answer 4

4. Blood is then pumped around the body so every cell gets its vital oxygen so that every cell can carry out the process of respiration

Question 5

The blood flowing through the RIGHT side of the heart and going to the LUNGS is called:

Answer 5

PULMONARY circulation

Question 6

The blood flowing through the LEFT side of the heart and going round the rest of the body is called:

Answer 6

SYSTEMIC circulation

Question 7

What does the Hepatic Portal Vein do?

Answer 7

It carries food to the liver for storage

Question 8

What does the PULMONARY VEIN do?

Answer 8

It carries blood rich in oxygen away from the lungs

Question 9

What does the VENA CAVA do?

Answer 9

It carries blood back to the heart

Question 10

What does the PULMONARY ARTERY do?

Answer 10

It carries blood to the lungs

Question 11

What does the AORTA do?

Answer 11

It carries blood rich in oxygen away from the heart

Question 12

What does the RENAL ARTERY do?

Answer 12

It carries blood to the kidneys

Question 13

Give 6 key points about ARTERIES:

Answer 13

> Carry blood away from the heart 
> Blood at high pressure
> No valves
> Thick muscular walls
> Pulse created by heart pumping and contraction of heart muscle 
> Strong walls

Question 14

Give 6 key points about CAPILLARIES:

Answer 14

> Carry blood through the organs and tissues
> Blood at low pressure
> No valves
> Very thin walls
> No pulse
> Delicate and easily broken

Question 15

Give 6 key points about VEINS:

Answer 15

> Carry blood towards the heart
> Blood at very low pressure
> Valves to stop blood flowing back
> Thinner walls with less muscle 
> No pulse
> Flexible walls and squared easily so blood pushed further along
   vessel

Question 16

What is Plasma?

Answer 16

Plasma is the watery liquid which carries dissolved substances

Question 17

What is the heart?

Answer 17

The body’s blood pump

Question 18

Name FIVE substances that blood transports around the body:

Answer 18

> Oxygen
> Carbon dioxide
> Urea
> Glucose
> Amino Acids

Question 19

“We have a double circulation.” What does this mean?

Answer 19

This means that the blood travels through the heart twice to go around the body once

Question 20

Why is the muscle on the left side of the heart thicker than the right side?

Answer 20

It is because it has to pump blood all around the body

Question 21

What FOUR chambers make up the heart?

Answer 21

> right and left atrium

> right and left ventricle

Question 22

What causes a heart attack?

Answer 22

> A bad diet (too much fat, salt etc.)
Stress
A lack of exercise

Question 23

Wich ARTERY will cause a heart attack if it is blocked?

Answer 23

The coronary ARTERY

Question 24

What is blood pressure?

Answer 24

Blood pressure is the force of blood exerted on the walls of arteries

Question 25

Where on your body can you take your pulse?

Answer 25

You can feel them at the wrist and in other points where are arteries lie near the surface of your body

Question 26

What is the normal range for blood pressure?

Answer 26

Normal Systolic: 100 - 139 | Normal Diastolic: 80 - 89

Question 27

When is your blood pressure at its lowest?

Answer 27

It is usually lowest when you are wresting

Question 28

What can raise your blood pressure temporarily?

Answer 28

Exercise, fear, excitement, sudden cold and stress will all raise your blood pressure temporarily

Question 29

What are some treatments for high blood pressure?

Answer 29

Treatments for high blood pressure are: > Getting regular exercise > Low sodium/ low fat diets > Stress management > Medication

Question 30

What is BLOOD?

Answer 30

Blood looks like a red liquid, but if you were to leave some blood to settle in a test tube you would see that a red material settles on the bottom of the tube, leaving a yellowish liquid above it

Question 31

Name the 4 parts that make up BLOOD:

Answer 31

> Red blood cells > White blood cells > Platelets > Plasma

Question 32

Give a description of a RED BLOOD CELL:

Answer 32

> Are very small and have no nucleus > Are biconcave in shape, giving a large surface area (donut shaped) > Contain an iron pigment called haemoglobin which can pick up oxygen

Question 33

Give a description of WHITE BLOOD CELL:

Answer 33

> Are slightly larger than red blood cells > Are concerned with protecting the body > They are able to detect bacteria and then destroy them before they harm the body > Phagocytosis is when they engulf the bacteria to destroy them > Produce antibodies. These protect us from infection

Question 34

Give a description of PLATELETS:

Answer 34

> Are tiny cell fragments > Are carried around in the blood and usually do nothing > If the blood is exposed to the air in a cut the platelets help to form a network of fibres at the cut, called a clot > This prevents blood being lost from the cut and stops bacteria and dirt getting in > The clot hardens to a scab. This keeps the wound clean while new skin grows

Question 35

Name 4 things that can lead to HEART DISEASE:

Answer 35

> Eating lots of fatty foods > Smoking cigarettes > Taking little or no exercise > Having a stressful lifestyle

Question 36

How can we prevent getting HEART DISEASE? Name 7 methods:

Answer 36

> Cut down on fried food > Eat less red meat > Eat less dairy foods > Eat more poultry and fish > Eat more fresh fruit and vegetables > Do not smoke > Relax