Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Animal Care II > Module 1 - Common Health Conditions and Treatments > Flashcards

Module 1 - Common Health Conditions and Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main principles associated with caring for sick animals

A
  1. PROMPT and APPROPRIATE veterinary care + owner must be NOTIFIED.
  2. Sick/Injured animals + animals kept in the same enclosure as them must be ISOLATED from the PUBLIC + OTHER ANIMALS until FULLY RECOVERED or RETURNED to their owner.
  3. Where treatment is IMPRACTICAL or UNSUCCESSFUL or in an emergency with NO PROSPECT FOR RECOVERY + owner CANNOT be located or has REQUESTED than the animal will be EUTHANIZED.
  4. VET ADVICE should be obtained incase of UNEXPLAINED illness or death.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who can perform Euthanasia

A

Dogs + Cats = ONLY by a certified veterinarian.
Other Animals = trained operators and certified veterinarians.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are common health conditions in Dogs

A
  1. Heartworm
  2. Vomiting and Diarrhoea
  3. Obesity
  4. Distemper
  5. Parvovirus
  6. Parainfluenza (Viral) + Bordetella (Bacterial)
  7. Ear Infections
  8. Fleas + Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Heartworm?

A

Parasites transmitted via exposure to larvae through mosquito bites that infect the heart and arteries causing heart failure and death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Symptoms and Treatments/Prevention for Heartworm in Dogs?

A

Symptoms:
1. Lethargy
2. Collapsing
3. Depression
4. Coughing

Treatments:
1. Medication
2. Surgery

Prevention:
1. Annual vaccination
2. Monthly tablets
3. Topical treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can cause Vomiting and Diarrhoea in Dogs?

A
  1. Parvovirus
  2. Eating inappropriate foods
  3. Eating inappropriate objects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Symptoms associated with, and Treatments for Vomiting and Diarrhoea in Dogs

A

Symptoms:
1. Blood in vomit/faeces
2. Lethargy
3. Weight loss
4. Fever
5. Change in appetite

Treatment:
1. Withhold food
2. Observation
3. Rehydration
4. Medication
5. Surgery - depending on diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What health conditions are associated with Obesity in Dogs?

A
  1. Higher risk of joint pain
  2. Liver disease
  3. Diabetes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Symptoms and Treatment for Obesity in Dogs?

A

Symptoms:
1. Heavyset frame
2. Can’t feel the ribs when pressing very hard

Treatment:
1. Low-Calorie diet
2. Exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Distemper?

A

A viral disease that affects the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract and Central Nervous System of Dogs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are Symptoms and Treatments/Prevention for Distemper?

A

Symptoms:
1. Sneezing
2. Coughing
3. Difficulty breathing
4. Fever
5. Possible seizures
6. Discharge from the eyes (mucous)

Treatment:
1. Supportive care
2. Observation

Prevention:
1. Vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Parvovirus? How is it Transmitted?

A

A highly infectious virus that attacks the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system of a Dog.

Transmission:
Ingesting an infected dogs faeces and other bodily excretions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes Parvovirus so infectious?

A

The virus is RESISTANT to heat, detergents and alcohol so it can remain in the environment for up to a YEAR.
This can result in REINFECTION.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long does it take for clinical signs of Parvovirus to present themselves after initial infection?

A

7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Symptoms and Treatment/Prevention for Parvovirus?

A

Symptoms:
1. Bloody Diarrhoea (foul smelling)
2. Vomiting
3. Lethargy

Treatment:
1. IV fluids
2. Antibiotics + Antiemetics

Prevention:
1. Vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Parainfluenza + Bordetella?

A

A highly contagious upper respiratory tract disease that causes inflammation of the windpipe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of disease is Parainfluenza?

A

Viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of disease is Bordetella?

A

Bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Parainfluenza+ Bordetella nicknamed?

A

Kennel Cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What Symptoms and Treatments/Prevention are used for Parainfluenza + Bordetella?

A

Symptoms:
1. Dry hacking cough (may produce phlegm in the event of a secondary infection)
2. Retching
3. Fever

Treatment:
1. Antibiotics

Prevention:
1. Vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What causes Ear Infections in Dogs?

A
  1. Allergies
  2. Yeast
  3. Ear Mites
  4. Bacteria
  5. Hair Growth deep in ear canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are Symptoms and Treatments for Ear Infections in Dogs?

A

Symptoms:
1. Head shaking/tilting
2. Redness of ear canal
3. Sore ear - tender to touch
4. Ear discharge
5. Smelly ear
6. Scratching ear

Treatment:
1. Antibiotics (if bacterial)
2. Remove blockage and cleanse (if obstructive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are fleas?

A

Blood sucking external parasites that are visible to the naked eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are Symptoms and Treatments for Fleas and Flea Allergy Dermatitis?

A

Symptoms:
1. Scratching, Chewing or Licking skin
2. Rubbing skin against objects
3. Fur stained brown from licking (especially noticeable on white fur)
4. Hair loss
5. Rash and Wounds from excessive rubbing (typically on lower back, thighs and belly)
6. Skin infections
7. Flea dirt

Treatment:
1. Oral medication
2. Topical solutions
3. Powders
4. Medicated shampoo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are common health conditions in Cats?
1. Lower Urinary tract disease (FLUTD) 2. Cat Flu 3. Cancer 4. Heartworm 5. Fleas 6. Kidney disease 7. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) 8. Feline Leukaemia (FeLV) 9. Abscesses
26
What is FLUTD
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease can be FATAL and refers to SEVERAL conditions that effect a cats BLADDER
27
What are Symptoms and Treatments of FLUTD?
Symptoms: 1. Not using the litter box/ urinating on the floor inside 2. Straining WITHOUT producing any urine 3. Blood in urine (extreme cases) Treatment: 1. IV fluids 2. Insertion of a urinary catheter 3. Pain medication 4. Medication to relieve swelling and spasms 5. Special diet
28
What is Cat Flu?
A highly contagious upper respiratory infection transmitted via respiratory discharge and sneezing. Caused by FCV, FHV, FRV
29
What are Symptoms and Treatments/Prevention for Cat Flu?
Symptoms: - conjunctivitis - oral ulcers - fever - gingivitis - miscarriage in pregnant cats - sneezing - nasal discharge - ocular discharge Treatment: - anti-viral meds - eye drops - antibiotics to treat potential secondary bacterial infections Prevention: - preventative vaccine - isolation
30
Which Cancers are most common in Cats?
• Lymphosarcoma (intestine/chest) • Squamous cell carcinoma (abnormal growths on skin)
31
What are Symptoms of Cancer in Cats?
Symptoms: - lumps - swelling - sores - lethargy - weight loss - difficulty breathing - vomiting - difficulty urinating and defecating Treatment: - chemotherapy - surgery - radiation - immunotherapy
32
What are Symptoms and Treatments for Heartworm in Cats?
Symptoms: - coughing - respiratory problems - vomiting Treatments: - no effective treatments - alot recover without medical intervention
33
What effect does Kidney Disease have on Cats?
Reduces the ability to excrete waste = a build up of dangerous toxins in the bloodstream
34
What causes Kidney Disease in Cats?
• increased blood pressure • infections • kidney stones • cancer • old age
35
What are Symptoms and Treatments of Kidney Disease in Cats?
Symptoms: - decreased appetite - weight loss - vomiting - diarrhoea - lethargy Treatment: - surgery to remove blockage - IV fluids - special diet - medications
36
What is Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)?
A slow-acting virus that depletes the number of white blood cells causing a decreased ability to fight off infections transmitted via deep penetrating bites placing saliva directly into the bloodstream. Cats only.
37
What is Feline Leukaemia (FeLV)?
Compromises a cats immune system similarly to FIV but to a more severe degree.
38
What are Symptoms and Treatments/Prevention of FeLV?
Symptoms: - tumours in the chest, bowel, lymphnodes, kidney, liver, spleen and or bone marrow - anaemia - infertility - miscarriage - various infections become more likely Treatments: - NO CURE - treat secondary infections as they occur - if cancer develops = chemotherapy Prevention: - keep cat indoors - neuter cat to decrease roaming instincts
39
What is an abscess?
A lump full of infection that may or may not have burst caused by cat fights or attacks
40
What are Symptoms and Treatments for Abscesses?
Symptoms: - lump (burst or un-burst) - loss of appetite - sensitivity to bring touched/ picked up Treatments: - antibiotics - surgical draining of accumulated pus - use of a head collar/cone to prevent self grooming - contain indoors
41
What are common health conditions in Birds?
1. External Parasites 2. Internal Parasites 3. Nutrient Deficiencies 4. Obesity 5. Beak and Feather Disease 6. Yeast Infections
42
What are examples of External and Internal Parasites in Birds? How are they spread?
External: - mites - lice Internal (rare): - worms - roundworms - tapeworms - flukes - protozoa = Both spread in group Aviaries or from wild birds coming into contact with caged birds
43
What are the Symptoms and Treatments/Preventions of External Parasites in Birds?
Symptoms: - itchiness - feather loss - skin lesions Treatments: - mite and lice spray Prevention: - quarantine new birds for a few days before re/introducing to a large group
44
What are Symptoms and Treatments of Internal Parasites in Birds?
Symptoms: - decreased appetite - weight loss - lethargy - sitting fluffed up - abnormal droppings Treatments: - worming drops added to water - antibiotics depending on type of parasite
45
What are common Nutrient Deficiencies in Birds?
• eating mainly seeds = Vitamin A deficiency Also common: • Ioldine •Calcium • Phosphorus • Vitamin D
46
What are the Symptoms and Treatments for Nutrient Deficiencies in Birds?
Symptoms: - Vit A = lesions on mouth, eyes and or nose, nasal discharge, sneezing, conjunctivitis, eye swelling, poor feather quality and decreased appetite - Vit D, Calcium + Phosphorus = weakness, fractures and poor egg quality Treatments: - supplemented diets - direct exposure to sunlight
47
What are the Cause and Treatments for Obesity in Bird?
Cause: high seed diet especially sunflower seeds. Treatment: - feel for the keel bone (boney ridge dividing two breast muscles) and ensure it feels present without having too much flesh covering either side. > Once determined: dietary revision
48
What is Bird and Feather Disease?
A contagious disease that spreads through contact with she'd feathers. It is Common in wild Cockatoos
49
What are Symptoms and Treatments/Prevention of Beak and Feather Disease?
Symptoms: - weak feathers - loss of feathers - suppressed immune system - general illness Treatments: - good cage hygiene - dust control Prevention: - limiting contact with wild birds
50
What are some examples of yeast Infections in birds?
• Candida • Aspergillus • Cryptococcus • Malassezia
51
What are Symptoms and Treatments/Prevention for Yeast infections in birds?
Symptoms: - weight loss - vomiting - diarrhoea - lethargy - sneezing - breathing issues Treatment: - lengthy and invasive so prevention is ideal Prevention: - strong immune system with high quality feed - good hygiene - low stress
52
What are Common Health Conditions in Mice?
1. Malocclusion 2. Tumours (including cancerous) 3. Ear Infections
53
What is Malocclusion?
Misalignment of the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandible) jaws causing incisor misalignment = startvation and poor growth
54
What are Symptoms and Treatments for Malocclusion?
Symptoms: - visible over/undergrowth of incisors - excess salivation - rubbing at mouth with feet - bad breath - trouble chewing hard food - weight loss - sores near/in mouth - difficulty eating Treatments: - tooth trimming - powdered diet reduces need for chewing
55
What are Symptoms and Treatments for Tumours in Mice?
Symptoms: - discomfort - restricts normal movement - lethargy - obvious protrusions Treatments: - non-cancerous tumours = surgically removed and or treated with antibiotics - cancerous tumours = chemotheraputic meds to stop spread. - lab mice receive trial meds and vaccines
56
What are Symptoms and Treatments of Ear Infections in mice?
Symptoms: - may walk in circles - in extreme cases may fall to one side - pain and discomfort - difficulty hearing - difficulty breathing - red discharge from eyes - sneezing - scratching ears - seizures - lethargy - depression Treatments: - antibiotics may treat clinical signs - wax removal - rupture eardrum - anti-inflammatory meds
57
What are Common Health Conditions in Reptiles?
1. Calcium Deficiency 2. Necrotic Stomatitis (Cancer) 3. Parasites
58
What are Symptoms and Treatments of Calcium Deficiency in Reptiles?
Symptoms: - weakness and reluctance to move - low appetite - soft bones = fractures Treatments: - Calcium and Vit. D supplements - increased UV exposure
59
What is Necrotic Stomatitis?
A disease of the oral cavity involving bacterial pathogens. Environmental stress like poor temperature regulation and over handling can predispose the reptile to this illness.
60
What are Symptoms and Treatments for Necrotic Stomatitis?
Symptoms: - swelling of lips, gingiva and head - build up of necrotic material - increased salivation - respiratory difficulty/open-mouth breathing - anorexia/weight loss - dehydration - gingival ulceration/inflammation - depression -lethargy Treatments: - antibiotics - oral anti-septic -surgery in severe cases
61
What are Symptoms and Treatments of Parasites in Reptiles?
Symptoms: - diarrhoea - breathing difficulties - regurgitation - swelling of internal organs - itching - mouth rot - weight loss Treatments: - deworming meds - environmental cleaning/disinfection
62
What are Common Health Conditions in Livestock and Horses?
1. Footrot 2. Flystrike 3. Bovine Respiratory Disease 4. Q Fever 5. Colic 6. Strangles
63
What is Footrot?
An extremely painful infectious disease caused by two different strains of bacteria that if left untreated causes lameness and deterioration in hooves.
64
What are Symptoms and Treatments/Prevention for Footrot?
Symptoms: - inflamed, red and moist skin btw digits - grey pasty scum btw digits - lifting of the skin-horn junction btw digits - under-running/seperation of horn around heel, sole, toe and outside hoof wall. Treatments: - zinc sulfate bathing solution - immediate slaughter Prevention: - vaccine
65
What is Flystrike?
When parasitic flies lay eggs on soiled wool/open wounds of sheep that hatch into maggots that bury themselves into wool and under the skin feeding off flesh.

Animal Care II (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions