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NCM 103 - Lecture > Module 1: Concept of Man, Risk Factors, Healthcare Settings and Services > Flashcards

Module 1: Concept of Man, Risk Factors, Healthcare Settings and Services Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the Seven (7) Components of Wellness

A
  1. Environmental
  2. Social
  3. Emotional
  4. Physical
  5. Spiritual
  6. Intellectual
  7. Occupational
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2
Q

______ described his model of high-level wellness as functioning to one’s maximum potential while maintaining balance and a purposeful direction in the environment.

A

Dunn (1980)

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3
Q
  • an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health.
  • a more active state, regardless of one’s level of health.
A

WELLNESS

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4
Q

The Four quadrants of health and wellness are:

A
  1. High-level wellness in a favorable environment.
  2. Protected poor health in a favorable environment.
  3. Poor health in an unfavorable environment.
  4. Emergent high-level wellness in an unfavorable environment.
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5
Q

A medical term, meaning that there is a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind.

A

DISEASE

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6
Q

______ is the response of the person to a disease; it is an abnormal process in which the person’s level of functioning is changed when compared with a previous level.

A

ILLNESS

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7
Q

_______ are the way people cope with alterations in function caused by the disease.

A

Illness behaviors

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8
Q

What are the Classifications of Illness?

A

Acute Illness

Chronic Illness

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9
Q

It has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time.

A

Acute Illness

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10
Q

It is a broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health.
 usually have a slow onset and many have periods of remission (when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms) and exacerbation (the symptoms of the disease reappear).

A

Chronic Illness

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11
Q

Is something that increases a person’s chances for illness or injury.

A

risk factors

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12
Q

Types of risk factors and definitions/examples

A
  1. Modifiable – able to be changed, such as quitting smoking

2. Nonmodifiable – unable to be changed, such as a family history of cancer.

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13
Q

It is the totality of services offered by all health disciplines. It is one of the largest industries in the
United States.

A

Health care system

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14
Q

Causes of Diseases

A

✓ Inherited genetic defects
✓ Developmental defects
✓ Biologic agents or toxins
✓ Physical agents (temperature, chemicals, and radiation)
✓ Generalized tissue responses to injury or irritation
✓ Physiologic and emotional reactions to stress
✓ Excessive or insufficient production of body secretions (hormones, enzymes, etc.)

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15
Q

Primary Prevention: ___________________
Secondary Prevention: ___________________
Tertiary Prevention: ___________________

A

Health Promotion and Illness
Diagnosis and Treatment
Rehabilitation, Health Restoration, and Palliative Care

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16
Q

Primary prevention programs are:

A

 adequate and proper nutrition
 weight control and exercise,
 Stress reduction

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17
Q

Illness prevention programs practices are:

A

 providing immunizations
 identifying risk factors for illnesses
 helping people take measures to prevent these illnesses from occurring.

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18
Q

The goal of tertiary prevention is:

A

To help people move to their previous level of health (i.e., to their previous capabilities) or to the highest level they are capable of given their current health status.

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19
Q

Tertiary Prevention

It emphasizes the importance of assisting clients to function adequately in the physical, mental, social, economic, and vocational areas of their lives.

A

Rehabilitative care

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20
Q

Tertiary Prevention

If the injury is temporary, rehabilitation can assist in return to former function. If the injury is permanent, rehabilitation assists the client in adjusting the way activities are performed in order to maximize the client’s abilities.

A

Health Restoration

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21
Q

Tertiary Prevention

Providing comfort and treatment for symptoms.

A

Palliative care

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22
Q

HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES

it is established at the local, state, and federal levels to provide public health services according to the needs of the area.

A

Public Health Government (official) agencies

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23
Q

HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Public Health Government (official) agencies

Responsible for developing programs to meet the health needs of the people, providing the necessary nursing and other staff and facilities to carry out these programs, continually evaluating the effectiveness of the programs, and monitoring changing needs.

A

Local health departments

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24
Q

HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Public Health Government (official) agencies

They are responsible for assisting the local health departments.

A

State health organizations

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25
# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Public Health Government (official) agencies Conducts research and provides training in the health field, assists communities in planning and develops health facilities, and assists states and local communities through financing and provision of trained personnel.
The Public Health Service (PHS)
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Public Health Government (official) agencies Administers a broad program related to surveillance of diseases and behaviors that lead to disease and disability. The CDC also publishes recommendations about the prevention and control of infections and administers a national health program.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES It is where routine health screening, illness diagnosis, and treatment are done. Does not require the expertise of registered nurses (RNs).
Physicians’ Offices
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES Agencies that deliver medical care on an outpatient basis may be located in hospitals, may be a free-standing service provided by a group of healthcare providers who work together.
Ambulatory Care Centers
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES Provides exercise facilities and coordinates health promotion activities which include work safety and health education, annual employee health screening for tuberculosis, and maintaining immunization information; screening for health problems like hypertension and obesity, caring for employees following injury, and counseling.
Occupational Health Clinics
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Types of Hospitals
1. Governmental (public) - either federal, state, county, or city hospitals. 2. Nongovernmental (private) - are often operated by churches, companies, communities, and charitable organizations.
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Classification of Hospitals Admit clients requiring a variety of services, such as medical, surgical, obstetric, pediatric, and psychiatric services. Other hospitals offer only specialty services, such as psychiatric or pediatric care.
General Hospitals
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Classification of Hospitals Provides assistance to clients whose illness and need for hospitalization are relatively short term, for example, several days.
Acute care hospital
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Classification of Hospitals Usually have inpatient beds, emergency services, diagnostic facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, pharmacy services, intensive and coronary care services, and multiple outpatient services provided by clinics.
Urban hospitals
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Classification of Hospitals Limited to inpatient beds, radiology and laboratory services, and basic emergency services.
Rural Hospitals
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Classification of Hospitals Provides a significant level of care to low-income, uninsured, and vulnerable populations.
Safety-net hospital
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES Inpatient care designed for those who has an acute illness, injury, or exacerbation of a disease process.
Subacute Care Facilities
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES Formerly called nursing homes
Extended (Long-Term) Care Facilities
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES Formerly called nursing homes
Extended (Long-Term) Care Facilities
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES - consist of separate houses, condominiums, or apartments for residents. Residents live relatively independently; however, many of these facilities offer meals, laundry services, nursing care, transportation, and social activities.
Retirement and Assisted Living Centers
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES Plays an important role in assisting clients to restore their health and recuperate, independent community centers or special units
Rehabilitation Centers
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES Provides many different health-related services, including skilled nursing assessment, teaching and support of patients and family members, and direct care for patients.
Home Health Care Agencies
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES Provides care for infants and children while parents’ work, provide care and nutrition for adults who cannot be left at home, provides counseling and physical therapy.
Day Care Centers
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES Provides emergency care to clients in rural areas.
Rural Care
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES interprofessional health care service for the dying, provided in the home or another health care setting. Its central concept is to maintain the quality of life until death.
Hospice Services
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES provide emergency services to clients experiencing life crises. Its primary purpose is to help people cope with an immediate crisis and then provide guidance and support for long term therapy.
Crisis Centers
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# HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES Such groups arose largely because people felt their needs were not being met by the existing health care system. Example: Alcoholics Anonymous
Mutual Support and Self-Help Groups
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PROVIDERS OF HEALTH CARE
1. Physician 2. Physician Assistant 3. Physical Therapist 4. Respiratory Therapist 5. Occupational Therapist 6. Speech Therapist 7. Dietitian 8. Pharmacist 9. Social Worker 10. Unlicensed Assistive Personnel 11. Nurse
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METHODS OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY
1. Managed Care Systems 2. Case Management 3. Primary Healthcare 4. Differentiated Practice 5. Case Method 6. Functional Method 7. Team Nursing 8. Primary Nursing
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A nurse who has completed a master’s degree in specialty and has considerable clinical expertise in that specialty.
Clinical Specialists
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a nurse who has completed either as certificate program or a master’s degree in a specialty and is also certified by the appropriate specialty organization.
Nurse Practitioner
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a nurse who has completed a program in midwifery; provides prenatal and postnatal care and delivers babies to woman with uncomplicated pregnancies.
Nurse-midwife
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a nurse who completed the course of study in an anesthesia school and carries out pre-operative status of clients.
Nurse anesthetist
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A nurse usually with advanced degree, who beaches in clinical or educational settings, teaches theoretical knowledge, clinical skills and conduct research.
Nurse Educator
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a nurse who has an advanced degree, and manages health-related business.
Nurse Entrepreneur
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a nurse who functions at various levels of management in health settings; responsible for the management and administration of resources and personnel involved in giving patient care.
Nurse administrator
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# Fields and Opportunities in Nursing a nurse working in an institution with patients | Example: rehabilitation, lying-in, etc.
Hospital/Institutional Nursing
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# Fields and Opportunities in Nursing usually deals with families and communities. (No confinement, OPD only) Example: Barangay Health Center
Public Health Nursing/Community Health Nursing
58
# Fields and Opportunities in Nursing A privately hired nurse
Private Duty/special Duty Nurse –
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# Fields and Opportunities in Nursing a nurse working in factories, office, companies
Industrial/Occupational Nursing
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# Fields and Opportunities in Nursing nurses working in school, review center and in hospital as a CI.
Nursing Education
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# Fields and Opportunities in Nursing nurses working in a military base.
Military Nurse
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# Fields and Opportunities in Nursing nurses working in a private and public clinic
Clinic Nurse
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# Fields and Opportunities in Nursing private practice, BP monitoring, home service. | – Independent Nurse Practitioner.
Independent Nursing Practice
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# Fields and Opportunities in Nursing conduct scientific studies, analyze data, and report their findings about illnesses and improving healthcare
Nurse Researcher
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traditionally defined in terms of the presence or absence of disease.
HEALTH
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# Who said: a state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent
(Florence Nightingale, 1860/1969).
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# Who said: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
(WHO, 1974).
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it is a biological being
Man
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# Who said: a unified whole composed of parts which are interrelated and interdependent with each other
Rogers
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who described man as a unified whole composed of parts which are interrelated and interdependent with each other
Rogers
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Who described man as an open system in constant interaction with the changing environment
Roy
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Who described man as a unity who can be viewed as functioning biologically, symbolically, and socially and who initiates and perform self-care activities on her behalf in maintaining life, and well-being
Orem
73
Who described man as an individual with vital reparative processes to deal with disease and desirous of health but passive in terms of influencing the environment or nurse
Nightingale
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Who described man as a whole, complete, and independent being who ahs 14 fundamental needs to: breath, eat and drink, eliminate, move and maintain posture, sleep and rest, dress and undress, maintain body temperature, keep clean, avoid danger, communicate, worship, work, play, and learn
Henderson
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# Seven (7) Components of Wellness the ability to promote health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life in the community.
Environmental
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# Seven (7) Components of Wellness the ability to interact successfully with people and within the environment, to develop and maintain intimacy with significant others, and to develop respect and tolerance for those with different opinions and beliefs.
Social
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# Seven (7) Components of Wellness the ability to manage stress and to express emotions appropriately.
Emotional
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# Seven (7) Components of Wellness the ability to carry out daily tasks, achieve fitness, maintain adequate nutrition and proper body fat.
Physical
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# Seven (7) Components of Wellness the belief in some force (nature, science, religion, or a higher power) that serves to unite human beings and provide meaning and purpose to life.
Spiritual
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# Seven (7) Components of Wellness the ability to learn and use information effectively for personal, family, and career development.
Intellectual
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# Seven (7) Components of Wellness the ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure time.
Occupational
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Who proposed the Seven (7) Components of Wellness
Anspaugh, Hamrick, and Rosato (2011)
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The word nurse originated from the Latin word _______ meaning “______.”
nutrix ; "to nourish"
84
the Recipients of Nursing are
1. Patient | 2. Client
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 a person who engages the advice or services of another who is qualified to provide this service.  presents the receivers of health care as collaborators in the care, that is, as people who are also responsible for their own health.
Client
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 a person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care.  comes from a Latin word meaning “to suffer” or “to bear.”  the person receiving health care or seek assistance because of illness or for surgery.
Patient
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What are the Scopes of Nursing?
1. Promoting health and wellness 2. Preventing illness 3. Restoring health 4. Caring for the dying
88
Professional Responsibilities and Roles of Nursing
1. Caregiver/ Care provider 2. Teacher 3. Counselor 4. Change agent 5. Client advocate 6. Manager 7. Researcher
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the founder of the American Red Cross, tended soldiers on the battlefields, cleansing their wounds, meeting their basic needs, and comforting them in death.
Clara Barton

NCM 103 - Lecture (5 decks)

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