Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ASC111 > Module 1 - Dentition & beak structure > Flashcards

Module 1 - Dentition & beak structure Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define diastema

A

Gap in arch between front teeth & cheek teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why & how can diastemas lead to problems?

A

Food gets caught in gap -> putrefying material, infection, tissue damage -> inflammation -> adjacent teeth -> erosion & loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define heterodonty

A

various teeth specialised for different types of prehension & mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define diphodont

A

develop set of deciduous (temporary) teeth that fall out & are replaced by new ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define & describe: incisors, canines, molars

A

Incisors - short, pointed, prong-like for grasping & shredding
Canines - elongated, dagger-like for stabbing, tearing & killing prey
Molars - flattened & triangular with jagged edges for crushing & grinding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe herbivores teeth

A

Vary depending on vegetation
Incisors - flattened & spade-like
Canines - may be small (horses), large (hippos), or absent
Molars - flattened & squared for grinding (horizontally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Know how to draw & label tooth diagrams

A

slide 18 & 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Properties of enamel…?

A

Covers most of hypsodont tooth but only crowns covered
Made up of hydroxyapatite (mainly) & keratin
Hypsodont enamel forms crests & cups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enamel proteins & minerals secreted by…?

A

ameloblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define cementum

A

Layer of tough yellowish bone-like tissue covering root
Made of lamellae
Covers external surface before eruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Difference between cementum in hypsodont & brachyodont?

A

Root to crown in hypsodont

Covers root only in brachydont

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Role of dentin & cementum?

A

Absorb shock & prevent enamel from breakages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the specialised teeth in mammals? Their role and an animal that may contain them?

A

Sectorial teeth - slice against each other like scissors to cut sinew & muscle.
Eurasian wolf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tusk properties

A

Arise from different teeth in different spp.
Eg. incisors - elephants
upper canines - walruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name 2 toothless mammals

A

Anteaters

Baleen whales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sloth teeth properties…?

A

NO INCISORS - uses tough lips to tear leaves
Comparatively few teeth
Lack many grinding teeth
Teeth lack enamel & wear easily
Teeth grow slowly
No change of teeth from milk to permanent dentition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Equine incisors properties…?

A

prehension & cutting food
defence
12 in total (6 in each arcade)
Deciduous teeth - small, white, no infindibulum
Permanent teeth - large, yellowish, hypsodont
Angle of eruption goes from vertical (young) to horizontal (old)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Equine premolars & molars function as…?

A

grinders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Equine canine properties…?

A

Males have 4
Commonly fail to erupt in mares
Erupt 4-6 yrs
Brachyodonts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Wolf teeth?

A

1st premolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Equine cheek teeth properties…?

A

Premolars (12) & molars (12)
Premolars form continuous row with molars
Upper much wider than lower
External enamel extensively folded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dentition formula of horse?

23
Q

What does mastication depend on?

Study These Flashcards
A

Physical properties of food
ie. Muscles & skin = carnassial teeth
Fibrous food = molar teeth of ungulates

24
Q

Properties of carnivorous oral cavity…? (IMPORTANT QUESTION)

Study These Flashcards
A

Wide mouth -> good to generate force for seizing, killing & dismembering prey
Facial musculature REDUCED -> as not to hinder a wide gape
Jaw joint = hinge joint -> very stable
Temporalis muscle primary muscle for jaws
Small angle of mandible
Mandible cannot move forward & limited side to side motion
As jaws close cheek teeth slide past each other in slicing motion ->shear meat off bone

25
Properties of herbivorous oral cavity...? (IMPORTANT QUESTION)
Masseter & Ptergoid muscles primary muscles for jaws Angle of mandible expanded for broad area of attachment for masseter & ptergoid muscles Masseter & ptergoid muscles hold mandible in sling-like arrangement allowing for lateral chewing motion -> grinding motion
26
Muscles of mastication general properties
Attach to mandible Contractions produce jaw movements Generally more muscle mass/strength during elevation (closure) than depression (opening) Most MOM innervated by trigeminal nerve
27
Define m. temporalis & its role
elevates mandible (bite) - bring upper & lower teeth together
28
Define m. masseter & its role
Primary action -> elevate mandible & draw it lateral Very well developed in herbivores Forms horses cheek
29
Define ptergoid muscle & its role
Assist in closing mandible | Important role in side-to-side grinding in herbivores
30
Define m. digastricus muscle & its role
Depression of mandible
31
Result of horses fed on hay
increased time masticating
32
Why might domestic diets be shit for horses?
High cereal/concentrate feeds -> lower mastication time -> lower dental wear -> sharp dental overgrowths
33
Dental formula of adult dog?
3142 3143 Emerge at 4 months
34
Dental formula of adult cat?
3131 3121 Emerge at 4 months
35
Dental formula of deciduous horse teeth?
303 | 303
36
Dental formula of adult horse teeth?
31(3 or 4)3 | 3133
37
Dental formula of cattle teeth?
0033 | 4033
38
Dental formula of sheep/goat teeth?
0033 | 4033
39
Dental formula of pig teeth?
3143 | 3143
40
Lamb age according to dentition?
``` Milk teeth only = 0 - 12 months Two-tooth = 12-19 months Four-tooth = 18-24 months Six-tooth = 24-36 months Eight-tooth = 28-48 months ```
41
Cattle age estimates according to dentition?
2 tooth = 24 months 4 tooth = 30 months 6 tooth = 40 months 8 tooth = 45-50 months
42
Difference between deciduous & permanent teeth in horses?
Deciduos - smaller, whiter, well-defined neck at root & crown Permanent - larger, yellow/brown (cementum), square-cut
43
Eruption times of deciduous horse incisors?
``` Central = 0-7 days Lateral = 4-6 weeks Corner = 6-9 months ```
44
Eruption times of permanent horse incisors?
``` Central = 2.5 yrs Lateral = 3.5 yrs Corner = 4.5 yrs ```
45
Briefly describe eruption & ageing of equine teeth including changing structures.
- Newly erupted permanent incisors are elliptical in shape - infundibulum present - incisors vertical - As tooth wears -> infundibulum decreases - Further wear -> enamel ring wears away - Dental star becomes darker - Hooks generally >6 yo - Galvayne's groove ~ 10 yrs near gum line, then extends to end of tooth (dissapears by 30 yrs
46
Give examples of bird beaks for hunting/gathering food and properties
``` Insect catching - short & sharp Grain eating - short & thick Nectar feeding - long, thin, curved Chiseling - long & sharp Aerial fishing - medium length & sharp Probing - long, thin & curved ```
47
A bit about beak/bill structures...? Mention strength & growth of beak structure.
Premaxilla & mandible bones form basic shape and are extensions of epidermis Epidermis made up of keratinocytes forming cornified layer. Laminae of cornified layer called RHAMPHOTHECA -> continuously replaced as epidermis undergo growth & maturation & wear & tear
48
What is the role of beak mechanoreceptors & magnetoreceptors?
Mechanoreceptors - perceive sensory info such as vibrations, pressure & temp Magnetoreceptors - assist in orientation & migration
49
Horney covering of mandible?
Gnatotheca
50
Outer sheath of premaxilla?
Rhinotheca
51
Where are nostrils usually found on birds?
Basal end of mandible (except kiwi's - tip)
52
A bit about the toucan beak...?
33% length of bird ONLY 5% of mass Composite of keratin & fibrous network made of calcium-rich proteins
53
A bit on the platypus beak...?
Locate prey by detecting electrical fields via muscle contractions Most sensitive electroreception Beak covered in v sensitive skin & well supplied with nerves
54
What are the 3 sensory structures associated with food gathering in the platypus bill skin?
mucous gland receptors (40k) - enable fast & accurate localisation of electrical stimulus push-rod mechanoreceptors (46.5k) - uniformly distributed across bill sensory serous glands (13.5k) - detection of electrical signals at close range

ASC111 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions