Module 1 (Descent with Modification)

Question 1

What is the theme for Darwin’s descent with modification?

Answer 1

Evolutionary change is based on the interactions between populations & their environment which results in adaptations to increase fitness

Question 2

This word describes change over time in the genetic composition of a population.

Answer 2

Evolution

Question 3

When did the new era of biology began?

Answer 3

1859

Question 4

The origin of species made biologists focus their attention on what concept?

Answer 4

great diversity of organisms

Question 5

Modified T ot F: LAMARCK noted that current species are descendants of ancestral species

Answer 5

False; Darwin

Question 6

T or F;
Evolution can be defined by Darwin’s phrase descent with modification

Answer 6

True

Question 7

According to Origin of Species, Evolution can be viewed as both a ________ and a _______.

Answer 7

pattern and a process

Question 8

Why is Darwin’s ideas revolutionary?

Answer 8

The Darwinian revolution challenged traditional views of a young Earth inhabited by unchanging species

Question 9

Historical Process of Science;

Who viewed species as fixed and arranged them on a scala naturae

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

Historical Process of Science;

This book holds that species were individually designed by God and therefore perfect.

Answer 10

Old Testament

Question 11

Carolus Linnaeus is the founder of what two fields of science?

Answer 11

taxonomy and binomial nomenclature.

Question 12

Historical Process of Science;

Carolus Linnaeus saw adaptations as evidence that _____ had designed each _______ for a ________.

Answer 12

God;
species;
specific purpose.

Question 13

Who viewed species as fixed and arranged them?

Answer 13

Aristotle

Question 14

Aristotle viewed species as _____ and arranged them on a ______

Answer 14

fixed;
scala naturae (or natural scale)

Question 15

Ideas About Change over Time;

This evidence of evolution helped laid the groundwork for Darwin’s ideas

Answer 15

Fossils

Question 16

Ideas About Change over Time;

Fossils are found in __________, which appears in layers or ______

Answer 16

Sedimentary rocks;

Strata.

Question 17

Who developed Paleontology?

Answer 17

Georges Cuvier

Question 18

Georges Cuvier advocated the theory of _________, speculating that each boundary between strata represents a catastrophe

Answer 18

catastrophism

Question 19

Modified T or F:

GRADUALISM describes that catastrophe destroyed many living species, then repopulated by immigrant species

Answer 19

False; Catastrophism

Question 20

James Hutton and Charles Lyell perceived that changes on the Earth’s surface can result from ___________ still operating today

Answer 20

slow continuous actions

Question 21

Explain the principle of Gradualism.

Answer 21

Gradualism is a geologic change that results from slow & gradual, continuous process over time.

Question 22

Explain the principle of Uniformitarianism.

Answer 22

It is a principle which states that the mechanisms of change are constant over time

Question 23

State what are James Hutton and Chales Lyell principles respectively.

Answer 23

Gradualism and Uniformitarianism

Question 24

Lamarck hypothesized that species evolve through _____________ and the __________

Answer 24

Use and disuse of body parts;

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 25

T or F: The mechanism of Lamarck’s Hypothesis of Evolution are supported by evidence.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Modified T or F: Descend with Modifications by ARTIFICIAL Selection explains adaptations of organisms and the unity and diversity of life

Answer 26

False; Natural

Question 27

Who published theory of evolution in 1809?

Answer 27

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 28

Who made the theory that overproducing within an environment leads to the limits of human population (war, famine, and disease)?

Answer 28

Thomas Malthus

Question 29

What is the name of the ship Captained by Robert FitzRoy.

Answer 29

HMS Beagle

Question 30

What is the most notable stop (name of the place) in Charles Darwin's expedition?

Answer 30

Galapagos Islands

Question 31

What are the differences and similarities in Darwin's Finches?

Answer 31

Difference: Beaks Similarity: Same size

Question 32

Modified T or F: Charles Darwin waited for 10 years before he published his ideas on descent with modification

Answer 32

False; 30 years

Question 33

Modified T or F: Charles Darwin waited for 10 years before he published his ideas on descent with modification

Answer 33

False; 30 years

Question 34

Who published the paper on Natural Selection?

Answer 34

Alfred Russell Wallace

Question 35

What is the mechanism for evolution according to Darwin?

Answer 35

Natural Selection

Question 36

Darwin didn’t use the term “evolution”, he rather used “__________”

Answer 36

descent with modification

Question 37

What is the name of Charles Darwins' paper published on 1859?

Answer 37

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

Question 38

Modified T or F: Adaptation to the environment and the origin of new species are LOOSELY related processes

Answer 38

False: Closely

Question 39

Modified T or F: Biologists have concluded what happened to the Darwin’s finches was due to MUTATION

Answer 39

False: Adaptation

Question 40

According to Darwin; ______ enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce.

Answer 40

Adaptation

Question 41

Fill in the Blanks: ________ of offsprings leads to ________ for resources.

Answer 41

Overproduction; competition.

Question 42

Modified T or F: If humans can create substantial change over short time, nature can change over SHORT time.

Answer 42

False; Long time

Question 43

Key idea of Natural Selection: This is one of the major causes that results in Differential Survival.

Answer 43

Competition

Question 44

Modified True or False: Individuals evolve, not populations.

Answer 44

False: Populations evolve, not individuals.

Question 45

Explain Natural selection in Action in terms of insecticide and drug resistance.

Answer 45

1. Insecticides doesn't kill all individuals 2. Resistant survivors reproduce 3. Resistance is inherited by offspring 4. Insecticides becomes less effective.

Question 46

What are Darwin's two main ideas?

Answer 46

1. Descent with Modification 2. Natural Selection

Question 47

Why is Darwin's view like a tree?

Answer 47

The history of life is like a tree with branches representing life’s diversity

Question 48

This is where humans have modified other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired trait

Answer 48

Artificial Selection

Question 49

Darwin stated four observations of nature and from these drew two inferences. What are they?

Answer 49

Observations: 1. Members of a population vary in traits 2. Traits are heritable from parent to offspring 3. All species are capable of producing more offspring than the environment can hold. 4. Owing to lack of resource, some offspring do not survive. Inference: 1. The more offspring, the greater chance of survival 2. Those that survive will bring the favorable traits with them

Question 50

Natural selection does not create new traits, however, ______ or ______ for traits already present in a population

Answer 50

1. Edits 2. Selects

Question 50

This record provides evidence of the extinction of species, the origin of new groups, and changes within groups over time

Answer 50

Fossils

Question 51

It describes similarity resulting from common ancestry

Answer 51

Homology

Question 52

This record describes the comparison of common genes.

Answer 52

Molecular record

Question 53

This type of evolution is where Analogous traits arise when groups independently adapt to similar environments in similar ways.

Answer 53

Convergent Evolution

Question 54

Explain Analogous Structures.

Answer 54

Separate evolution of structures. Similar trait function but different evolutionary origin.