Module 1 - Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

Question 1

Forces that exists between molecules and influence physical properties. It also governs the motion of molecules.

Answer 1

Intermolecular Forces

Question 2

Collectively known as “van der Waals forces”

Answer 2

Intermolecular Forces

Question 3

Type of Intermolecular Forces in which it is the weakest of the intermolecular forces. This is the force between two nonpolar molecules. It tends to be stronger the larger the atom or the molecule.

Answer 3

London Dispersion force

Question 4

Type of Intermolecular Forces that occurs whenever two polar molecules get near each other. The positively charged portion of one molecule is attracted to the negatively charged portion of another molecule.

Answer 4

Dipole-dipole

Question 5

Type of Intermolecular Forces that refers to the electrostatic interaction between a hydrogen and a lone electronegative pair of atom.

Answer 5

Hydrogen Bonding

Question 6

Type of Intermolecular Forces where interaction occurs when an ion encounters a polar molecule. In this case, the charge of the ion determines which part of the molecule attracts and which repels.

Answer 6

Ion-dipole

Question 7

Strongest to weakest intermolecular force magnitude.

Answer 7

Ionic interactions > Hydrogen bonding > Dipole-dipole interactions > London dispersion forces

Question 8

All else being equal, stronger intermolecular forces result in _______ boiling points and melting points

Answer 8

Higher

Question 9

At a constant (a) _______________, vapor (b) ____________ with the (c) ____________ strength of IMF.

Answer 9

a) temperature
b) decreases
c) increasing

Question 10

Factors that affects Intermolecular Forces

Answer 10

• melting point
• boiling point
• vapor pressure
• viscosity

Question 11

Properties of Liquids
Refers to the measure of elastic force in the liquid.

Answer 11

Surface tension

Question 12

Types of Surface Tensions

Answer 12

• adhesion
• cohesion
• capillary action
• meniscus

Question 13

Type of surface tension that refers to when liquid molecules stick to other surfaces.

Answer 13

Adhesion

Question 14

Type of surface tension that refers to when liquid molecules stick to each other.

Answer 14

Cohesion

Question 15

Type of surface tension that refers to when liquid climbs up a small tube (like water going up in a straw).

Answer 15

Capillary action

Question 16

Type of surface tension that refers to when there is a curved surface of a liquid in a container.

Answer 16

Meniscus

Question 17

Properties of Liquids
Refers to the distance between particles.

Answer 17

Density

Question 18

Properties of Liquids
Refers to the measure of liquid’s resistance to flow.

Answer 18

Viscosity

Question 19

Properties of Liquids
Partial pressure exerted by gas molecules above a liquid when the two states are in equilibrium

Answer 19

Vapor pressure

Question 20

Properties of Solids
- Molecules form a regular repeating three-dimensional structure.
- Have high melting points due to the uniform IMF acting on the form.

Answer 20

Crystalline solids

Question 21

Types of Crystalline Solids
Consists of positively and negatively charges held by electrostatic forces. High melting point due to strong ionic bonds.

Answer 21

Ionic Crystals

Question 22

Types of Crystalline Solids
Atoms are held together in an extensive three-dimensional network by covalent bonds.

Answer 22

Network/Covalent Crystals

Question 23

Types of Crystalline Solids
Includes noble gases, diatomic elements, and small nonpolar polyatomic molecules.

Answer 23

Molecular Crystals

Question 24

Types of Crystalline Solids
The crystal solid with the simplest structure: every lattice point is occupied by an atom of the same metal. Usually very dense. The bonding electrons are delocalized over the entire crystal, responsible for the metal’s strength

Answer 24

Metallic Crystals

Question 25

Properties of Solids - Molecules can aggregate with no particular order. - Formed rapidly where the atoms or molecules do not have time to align themselves and may become locked in positions.

Answer 25

Amorphous solids

Question 26

Refers to the transitions between phases of matter accompanied by the absorbing and releasing of heat.

Answer 26

Phase change

Question 27

Liquid-Gas Phase Change Happens when a liquid transforms into gas.

Answer 27

Vaporization or evaporation

Question 28

When the atmospheric pressure (atm) is exactly 1 atm (at sea level), the temperature at which boiling occurs is called the ________ ________ ________.

Answer 28

Normal boiling point

Question 29

Liquid-Gas Phase Change Also known as the measure of strength of intermolecular forces in a liquid.

Answer 29

Molar heat of vaporization

Question 30

Liquid-Solid Phase Change Transformation of liquid to solid.

Answer 30

Freezing

Question 31

Liquid-Solid Phase Change Reverse of freezing.

Answer 31

Melting

Question 32

Solid-Gas Phase Change The process in which the molecules directly form the solid into the gaseous phase.

Answer 32

Sublimation

Question 33

Solid-Gas Phase Change Reverse of sublimation. Gas to solid.

Answer 33

Deposition

Question 34

Summarizes the condition at which substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas.

Answer 34

Phase Diagram