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Bio 1593 A&P 1 > Module 1: Intro to Human Body > Flashcards

Module 1: Intro to Human Body Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The study of structure & relationships among structures

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2
Q

Define Physiology

A

Study of how body structures form

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3
Q

Define an Atom

A

Smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions

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4
Q

Define Molecules

A

Two or more atoms joined together

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5
Q

Define Cell

A

Basic structural & functional units of an organism

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6
Q

Define Tissue

A

Groups of specialized cells and the substances surrounding them that usually arise from a common ancestor & preform a certain special function

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7
Q

Organs

A

Structures of definite form that have specific functions & are composed of two or more different tissues

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8
Q

Systems

A

Consist of related organs that have a common function

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9
Q

Human organism

A

Collection of structurally & functionally intergrated systems

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10
Q

List the systems of the human body

A

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive

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11
Q

Organs of Integumentary system

A

Hair, skin, nails

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12
Q

Organs of skeletal system

A

Cartilage, bones, joints

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13
Q

Organs of muscular system

A

Skeletal muscles, tendons

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14
Q

Organs of nervous system

A

Brian, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

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15
Q

Organs of endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes/ovaries

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16
Q

Organs of cardiovascular system

A

Heart, blood vessels

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17
Q

Organs of lymphatic system

A

Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels

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18
Q

Organs of respiratory system

A

Nasal passage, trachea, lungs

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19
Q

Organs of digestive system

A

Stomach, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine

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20
Q

Organs of urinary system

A

Kidneys, urinary bladder

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21
Q

Organs of Male reproductive system

A

Epidyimus, testes

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22
Q

Organs of female reproductive system

A

Mammary glands, ovaries, uterus

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23
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body including catabolism and anabolism

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24
Q

Responsiveness

A

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the external or internal environment

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25
Movement
Motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, or even organelles inside of cells
26
Growth
Increase in size and complexity due to increase in number of cells, cell size, or both
27
Differentiation
Change in a cell from an unspecified state to a specialized state
28
Reproduction
Formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual
29
List the major life processes
Metabolism (including catabolism & anabolism), Responsiveness, Movement, Growth, Differentiation, Reproduction
30
Define homeostasis
Condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment, which is produced by the interplay of the body’s regulatory processes
31
Homeostasis is regulated by what systems
Nervous & endocrine systems acting together or independently
32
How does the nervous system regulate homeostasis
Via nerve impulses to counter act a disruption
33
How does the endocrine system regulate homeostasis
Via hormone secretion
34
Feedback system
Cycle of events through which information about that status of a condition is continually monitored & fed back to a central region
35
Define stimulus
Any disruption that changes a controlled condition
36
Components of a feedback system
A receptor, a control center and an effector
37
Define a receptor
Monitors changes in a controlled condition & sends input as nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center
38
Define a control center
Sets the range of values for the maintenance of a controlled condition; evaluates the input received from the receptors, & generates output commands when needed
39
Define an effector
A body structure, that receives output from the control center & produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition
40
Components of a feedback system
Stimulus - controlled condition - receptors - control center - effector - response
41
Receptor
Monitors controlled condition and sends input as nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center
42
Control center
Sets the range of values for the maintenance of a controlled condition, evaluates the input received from the receptors, & generates output commands when needed
43
An effector
(Body structure) that receives output from the control center & produces a response or effect that changes a controlled condition
44
Define a negative feedback system, provide an example
If a response reverses the original stimulus. The homeostasis of body temperature
45
Define positive feedback system, provide example
Response enhances the original stimulus, normal childbirth
46
Disruption of homeostasis can lead to
Disease & death
47
Disorder
Is a general term for abnormality of function
48
Disease is
More specific term for an illness characterized by set of sign & symptoms
49
Symptoms
Subjective changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer for ex headache or nausea
50
Signs
Objective changes that a clinician can observe & measure ex. Fever or rash
51
Superior
Toward the head, or upper part of structure
52
Inferior
Away from head, or lower part of a structure
53
Anterior
Nearer to or at the front of the body
54
Posterior
Nearer to or at the back of the body
55
Medial
Nearer to the midline, an imaginary vertical line that divides the body into equal right & left sides
56
Lateral
Father from the midline or midsagittal plane
57
Indeterminate
Between two structures
58
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body as another structure
59
Contra lateral
On the opposite side of the body from another structure
60
Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the point of origin or begining
61
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; father from the point of origin or the beginning
62
Superficial
Toward or on the surface of the body
63
Deep
Away from the surface
64
Name the body cavities
Cranial cavity, vertebral cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity: abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
65
Cranial cavity
Formed by cranial bones & contains brain
66
Vertebral cavity
Formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves
67
Thoracic cavity contents
Pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, mediastinum
68
Pleural cavity
Each surrounds a lung; the serous membrane of each pleural cavity is the pleura
69
Pericardial cavity
Surrounds the heart; the serious membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium
70
Mediastinum
Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column & from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels
71
Abdominal cavity
Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder , small intestine, and most of large intestine; the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum
72
Pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction
73
Name the abdominopelvic regions
R hypogastric, epigastric, L hypogastric, r lumbar, umbilical, l lumbar, r illiac, hypogastric, l illiac
74
Abdominopelvic quadrants
Right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower
75
List & order the levels of organization in the human body
1. chemical 2. cellular 3. tissue 4. system 5. organism
76
The change that a cell undergoes from unspecialized to a specialized state
Differentiation
77
The human skin is what system
Integumentary
78
Which plane divides the body into right & left sections
Sagittal
79
Dorsal body cavities
cranial & vertebral
80
Relationship between navel and your right shoulder
Inferior and medial
81
Nearer to the front of the body
Anterior
82
Farther from midline
Lateral
83
If a response enhances an original stimulus the system is classified as a
Positive feedback loop
84
Reverses a change in a controlled condition
Negative feedback system

Bio 1593 A&P 1 (4 decks)

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