Module 1: Intro to Science of Psych

Question 1

Who were the founders of structuralism?

Answer 1

Edward Titchener (trained by Wilhelm Wudnt)

Question 2

Goal of structuralism

Answer 2

to study conscious experience and its structure

Question 3

Method of Structuralism

Answer 3

experiments, introspection

Question 4

Who were the founders of gestalt psych?

Answer 4

Max Wertheimer

Question 5

Goal of gestalt psych

Answer 5

to describe the organization of mental processes (“the whole is different from the sum of the parts”)

Question 6

Method of gestalt psych

Answer 6

observation of sensory/perceptual phenomena

Question 7

Who were the founders of psychoanalysis?

Answer 7

sigmund freud

Question 8

Goal of psychoanalysis

Answer 8

to explain personality & behavior, to develop techniques for treating mental disorders

Question 9

Method of psychoanalysis

Answer 9

study of individual cases, thoughts from the unconsciousness

Question 10

Who were the founders of functionalism?

Answer 10

william james

Question 11

Goal of functionalism

Answer 11

to study how the mind works in allowing an organism to adapt to the environment

Question 12

Method of functionalism

Answer 12

naturalistic observation of animal and human behavior

Question 13

Who were the founders of behavioralism?

Answer 13

John B Watson, BF Skinner

Question 14

Goal of behavioralism

Answer 14

to study only observable behavior and explain behavior via learning principles, science is observable and measurable

Question 15

Method of behavioralism

Answer 15

observation of the relationship between environmental stimuli and overt responses

Question 16

what is the psychodynamic and behavioral approaches

Answer 16

How we are affected by our unconsciousness
things we aren’t aware of

Question 17

What is a cognitive approach?

Answer 17

thinking
processes how we take in and store, and use information

Question 18

what is a humanistic approach?

Answer 18

free will
potential to grow
factors out of our control & how we choose to do what we do

Question 19

characteristics of biological approach

Answer 19

activity of the nervous system (mainly the brain)
action of hormones and other chemicals
genetics

Question 20

characteristics of evolutionary approach

Answer 20

ways that behavior and mental processes are adaptive for survival

Question 21

characteristics of psychodynamic approach

Answer 21

internal conflicts (mainly unconscious) which usually pit sexual or aggressive instincts against environmental obstacles to their expression

Question 22

characteristics of behavioral approach

Answer 22

learning, each person’s experience with rewards and punishments

Question 23

characteristics of cognitive approach

Answer 23

mechanisms through which people receive, store, retrieve and otherwise process information

Question 24

characteristics of humanistic approach

Answer 24

individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in guiding behavior and mental processes

Question 25

Who was mary whiton calkins?

Answer 25

First female president of the psych association she worked at a lab at harvard, was not allowed to get the degree there but fought for it insted

Question 26

what is the personal identity of an individualist?

Answer 26

separate from others

Question 27

What is the personal identity of the collectivist?

Answer 27

connected to others

Question 28

What are the major goals of the individualists?

Answer 28

self-defined, be unique, realize your personal potential, compete with others

Question 29

what are the major goals of the collectivist?

Answer 29

defined by other, belong, occupy your proper place, meet your obligations to others, be like others