Module 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Science

Answer 1

a way of observing and measuring natural phenomenon in order to explain them

Question 2

Human Anatomy

Answer 2

Study of the structure or form of the human body

Question 3

Human Physiology

Answer 3

Study of the body’s functions

Question 4

Cellular Composition

Answer 4

Cells are the smallest units that carry out the functions of life

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

Living organisms carry out chemical processes collectively

Question 6

Anabolism

Answer 6

the “building” processes of metabolism

Question 7

Catabolism

Answer 7

the “breaking down” processes of metabolism

Question 8

Growth

Answer 8

an increase in the size and/or number of cells

Question 9

Excretion

Answer 9

Elimination of potentially harmful waste products created by metabolic processes

Question 10

Responsiveness or Irritatbilty

Answer 10

Organisms sense and react to changes or stimuli in their environment

Question 11

Movement

Answer 11

Organisms or individual cells of an organism move

Question 12

Reproduction

Answer 12

Production of new cells during growth or repair or reproduction of new organisms

Question 13

What are the structural levels of organization?

Answer 13

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

Question 14

Chemical Level

Answer 14

the smallest level; chemicals range from tiny atoms to complex molecules

Question 15

Cellular Level

Answer 15

Groups of many different types of molecules combine in specific ways to form cellular structures

Question 16

Tissue Level

Answer 16

Two or more cell types and material outside them, called extracellular matrix, combine to perform a common function

Question 17

Organ Level

Answer 17

Two or more tissue types combine to form an organ with a recognizable shape that performs a specialized task

Question 18

Organ System Level

Answer 18

Two or more organs that together carry out a broad function in the body

Question 19

Organism Level

Answer 19

The organ systems function together to make up the working human body (an organism)

Question 20

How many organ systems are in the human body?

Answer 20

eleven (11)

Question 21

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 21

Examines individual organ systems

Question 22

Regional Anatomy

Answer 22

Examines the body in regions, such as the head and neck

Question 23

Surface Anatomy

Answer 23

Examines surface markings

Question 24

Gross Anatomy

Answer 24

Examines structures that can be seen with the unaided eye

Question 25

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 25

Examines cells (cytology) and tissues (histology) with the use of a microscope

Question 26

cytology

Answer 26

the examination of cells

Question 27

histology

Answer 27

the examination of tissues

Question 28

What do physiologists study?

Answer 28

structural levels of organization of the body

Question 29

anatomical position

Answer 29

common frame of reference from which all body parts and regions are described regardless of position

Question 30

Directional Terms

Answer 30

Describe the relative locations of body parts and markings to ensure accurate communication among scientists and healthcare professionals

Question 31

Anterior

Answer 31

the front of the body

Question 32

Posterior

Answer 32

the back of the body

Question 33

Superior OR Cranial

Answer 33

towards the head and inferior

Question 34

Caudal

Answer 34

towards the tail

Question 35

Proximal

Answer 35

closer to the point of origin

Question 36

Distal

Answer 36

further from the point of origin

Question 37

What does proximal and distal refer to

Answer 37

positions on the limbs only

Question 38

What does anterior and posterior refer to?

Answer 38

the whole body or part of the body

Question 39

What does superior and inferior refer to?

Answer 39

positions on the head, neck, and trunk only

Question 40

Medial

Answer 40

closer to the middle line of the body

Question 41

What is the middle line of the body known as?

Answer 41

midline

Question 42

lateral

Answer 42

a position further away from the midline

Question 43

superficial

Answer 43

structures closer to the surface of the body

Question 44

deep

Answer 44

structures farther below

Question 45

Appendicular

Answer 45

upper and lower limbs or appendages

Question 45

Axial

Answer 45

head, neck, and trunk

Question 46

abdominal

Answer 46

the abdomen

Question 47

cervical

Answer 47

the neck

Question 48

gluteal

Answer 48

the buttocks

Question 49

inguinal

Answer 49

the groin

Question 50

lumbar

Answer 50

the lower back

Question 51

pelvic

Answer 51

the pelvis

Question 52

pubic

Answer 52

the pubis

Question 53

sacral

Answer 53

the sacrum

Question 54

sternal

Answer 54

the sternum

Question 55

thoracic

Answer 55

the chest

Question 56

vertebral

Answer 56

the spinal colomn

Question 57

buccal

Answer 57

the cheek

Question 58

cranial

Answer 58

the skull

Question 59

cephalic

Answer 59

the head

Question 60

frontal

Answer 60

the forehead

Question 61

mental

Answer 61

the chin

Question 62

nasal

Answer 62

the nose

Question 63

occipital

Answer 63

the back of the head

Question 64

ocular

Answer 64

the eye

Question 65

oral

Answer 65

the mouth

Question 66

optic

Answer 66

the ear

Question 67

acromial

Answer 67

the point of the shoulder

Question 68

antebrachial

Answer 68

the forearm

Question 69

antecubital

Answer 69

the anterior surface of the elbow

Question 70

axillary

Answer 70

the armpit

Question 71

brachial

Answer 71

the arm

Question 72

carpal

Answer 72

the wrist

Question 73

digital

Answer 73

the fingers or toes

Question 74

manual

Answer 74

the hand

Question 75

metacarpal

Answer 75

the metacarpals (bones of the hand)

Question 76

Palmar

Answer 76

the palm

Question 77

pollex

Answer 77

the thumb

Question 78

coxal

Answer 78

the hip

Question 79

crural

Answer 79

the anterior surface of the leg

Question 80

femoral

Answer 80

the thigh

Question 81

hallux

Answer 81

the great toe

Question 82

metatarsal

Answer 82

the metatarsals (bones of the foot)

Question 83

patellar

Answer 83

the anterior surface of the knee

Question 84

pedal

Answer 84

the foot

Question 85

planar

Answer 85

the sole of the foot

Question 86

popliteal

Answer 86

the posterior surface of the knee

Question 87

sural

Answer 87

the posterior surface of the leg