Module 1 Introduction to Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science

Question 1

The study of people, past and present, with a focus on understanding the human condition both culturally and biologically; concerned with determining what humans are, how they evolved, and how they differ from one another

Answer 1

Anthropology

Question 2

Broadly defined as the study of human society; a systematic study of relationships among people

Answer 2

Sociology

Question 3

The systematic study of government, politics, and political behavior; studies how a society governs itself at all levels and various ideas about how it should be governed in the future; centers on the theory and practice of government and politics at the local, national, and international levels

Answer 3

Political science

Question 4

The study of anthropology is divided into four separate subdisciplines:

Answer 4

• Archaeology
• biological anthropology
• cultrual anthropolgy
• linguistic anthropology

Question 5

Subfields of political science:

Answer 5

• Political theory
• Comparative politics
• International relations
• Political methodology

Question 6

Two fields that examine human society:

Answer 6

Anthropology, sociology

Question 7

Focuses more on how human society has changed over time

Answer 7

Anthropology

Question 8

A branch of sociology, which deals with the principles of organization and government of human society

Answer 8

Political science

Question 9

A collection of concepts about some real-world area of concern or interest which facilitate explaining, predicting, or intervening

Answer 9

Theory

Question 10

A term that represents the process of gradual development; process through which simple things become complex over time

Answer 10

Evolution

Question 11

Developed the theory of evolution

Answer 11

Charles Darwin

Question 12

Theory that is sometimes referred to as the ‘survival of the fittest’

Answer 12

Theory of evolution

Question 13

The belief that the universe and the various forms of life were created by God out of nothing

Answer 13

Creationism

Question 14

Another scholar who applied the theory of evolution to his explanation

Answer 14

Herbert Spencer

Question 15

Proposed the idea of unilineal evolution

Answer 15

E.B. Tylor

Question 16

A society’s evolution is undirectional, and it passes through three different stages one after another (savagery, barbarism, civilization)

Answer 16

Unilineal evolution

Question 17

Complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society

Answer 17

Culture or civilization

Question 18

A set of ideas that provides an explanation for human society; selective in terms of their priorities and perspectives and the data they define as significant

Answer 18

Sociological theories

Question 19

Three sociological theories:

Answer 19

• Structural functional theory
• Social conflict theory
• Symbolic interactionism

Question 20

A theory that views society as a complex, but interconnected system where each part works together as a functional whole

Answer 20

Structural functional theory

Question 21

Views society as a system of groups that are not equal, and thus consistently general conflict and change; encompass the work of Marx, Engels, and Weber, among others; focus on social conflict and inequality

Answer 21

Social conflict theory

Question 22

A perspective that argues that the structure of society and the nature of social relationships are the result of past and current conflicts between those who own or owned the means of producing wealth and those who did not

Answer 22

Marxist perspective

Question 23

The two basic classes under capitalism:

Answer 23

• Bourgeois
• Proletariat

Question 24

Difference between the bourgeois and proletariat classes; becomes the profit of the employer

Answer 24

Surplus value

Question 25

Also called the symbolic interaction perspective; focuses on the symbolic meaning that people develop and rely upon in the process of social interaction

Answer 25

Symbolic interactionism

Question 26

Believed that individuals act according to their interpretation of the meaning of the world

Answer 26

Max Weber

Question 27

Introduced the symbolic interaction perspective to American sociology in 1920s

Answer 27

George Herbert Mead

Question 28

Analyzes society by looking at subjective meanings people put on objectives, events, and behaviors

Answer 28

Symbolic interactionism

Question 29

A political doctrine that believes that protecting and enhancing the freedom of the individual is the central problem of politics

Answer 29

Liberalism

Question 30

An economic and social system based on the political and economic theories of Marx and Engels

Answer 30

Marxism

Question 31

Theorists who contributed to marxism

Answer 31

Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels

Question 32

The system of socialism of which the dominant feature is public ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange; the opposite of capitalism which is also an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods

Answer 32

Marxism

Question 33

The working class or the people; own only their capacity to work; have the ability to sell their own labor to capitalists who own the means of production

Answer 33

Proletariat

Question 34

Defined by the relations of its members to the means of production

Answer 34

Class