MODULE 1 | Introduction to General Physiology Flashcards
Sub-branches of Gen. Physio that - is concerned with how physiological processes are altered in disease or
injury
Pathophysiology
Sub-branches of Gen. Physio that is concerned with the physiology of invertebrates and of different vertebrate groups
Comparative Physiology
Sub-branches of Gen. Physio that is studying the way cells work and interact; cell physiology mostly
concentrates on membrane transport and neuron transmission.
Cell physiology
Sub-branches of Gen. Physio that is studying the way systems, or parts of systems, have adapted and
changed over multiple generations. Research topics cover a lot of ground including the role
of behavior in evolution, sexual selection, and physiological changes in relation to
geographic variation.
Evolutionary physiology
the
study of biological function—of how the body works, from molecular mechanisms within cells to
the actions of tissues, organs, and systems, and how the organism as a whole accomplishes
particular tasks essential for life.
Physiology
The Greek philosopher (384–322 B.C.) speculated on the function of the human body
Aristotle
Another ancient Greek (304–250? B.C.), considered the fatherof
physiology because he attempted to apply physical laws to the study of human function.
Erasistratus
He (A.D. 130–201) wrote widely on the subject and was considered the supreme authority
until the Renaissance.
Galen
Physiology became a fully experimental science with the revolutionary work of the English
physician (1578–1657), who demonstrated that the heart pumps blood through a closed system of vessels.
William Harvey
The father of modern physiology is the French physiologist (1813–1878), who observed that the milieu interieur (internal environment) remains remarkably
constant despite changing conditions in the external environment
Claude Bernard
In a book entitled The Wisdom of the Body, published in 1932, the American physiologist
(1871–1945) coined the term homeostasis to describe this internal constancy.
He further suggested that the many mechanisms of physiological regulation have but
one purpose: the maintenance of internal constancy.
Walter Cannon
In the book “The Wisdom of the Body”, Cannon suggested that the many mechanisms of physiological regulation have but
one purpose:
: the maintenance of internal constancy
1900- He discovers the A, B, and O blood groups.
Karl Landsteiner
1904- He wins the Nobel Prize for his work on the physiology of digestion.
Ivan Pavlov
1910- He describes properties of histamine.
Sir Henry Dale
1918- He describes how the force of the heart’s contraction relates to the
amount of blood in it.
Earnest Starling
1921- He describes the functions of the autonomic nervous system.
John Langley
1923- They win the Nobel Prize for the
discovery of insulin.
Sir Frederick Banting,
Charles Best, and
John Macleod
1932- They win the Nobel Prize for discoveries
related to the- functions of neurons.
Sir Charles Sherrington and Lord Edgar Adrian
1936- They win the Nobel Prize for the discovery of acetylcholine
in synaptic transmission.
Sir Henry Dale and Otto Loewi
1939–47- He explains the role of ATP and contributes to the
understanding of actin and myosin in muscle contraction.
Albert von Szent-Györgyi
1949- He discovers the common physiological responses to stress.
Hans Selye
1953- He wins the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the citric acid cycle.
Sir Hans Krebs
1954-They propose the sliding
filament theory of muscle contraction.
*Hugh Huxley,
*Jean Hanson,
*R. Niedergerde, and
*Andrew Huxley
