Module 1- KEY TERMS Flashcards by janice pabalate

Very fine, slightly acidic film over the epidermis.
-This and the stratum corneum make the skin less permeable to water, and indirectly protect the skin from microorganisms.

ACID MANTLE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vascular, loose connective tissue that stores fat and provides energy, cushioning and insulation.

Stores FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS (ADEK)

glistening white to pale yellow appearance
Darker if dehydrated

ADIPOSE TISSUE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Collection of fluid at the junction between the dermis and epidermis, due to friction

BLISTER

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Areas of the body, such as the heel or sacrum, which are protected by a relative thin layer of subcutaneous tissue only.

-tend to be susceptible to pressure ulcers

BONY PROMINENCE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Localized build up of stratum corneum cells due to pressure or friction.

CALLUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The binding of a cell to a surface, extracellular matrix or another cell using molecules such as selectins, integrins, and cadhedrins

CELL ADHESION

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Main supportive protein of the skin

COLLAGEN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting.

ELASTIN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An arm or a leg

EXTREMITY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fibrous connective tissue that separates and surrounds structures and facilitates movement between adjacent structures

FASCIA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wound that extends through the epidermis and dermis and into, or through, the subcutaneous tissue

Subcutaneous wound
Subdermal Tissue wound
Stage III or IV Pressure Injury

Ex
Full thickness burn

FULL THICKNESS WOUND

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epidermal appendages located within the dermis that are made of soft keratin

Help regulate body temp by trapping air

-each contains a sebaceous gland (produces SEBUM)

HAIR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chemical mediator released by mast cells which causes vasodilation and increased vessel wall permeability, and attracts other cells to the area

HISTAMINE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Protein produced by keratinocytes.
Nails- hard
Hair- soft

KERATIN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epidermal cell that resurfaces a wound and produces keratin

90% of epidermal cells

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epidermal cell that assists with infection control

attack and engulf foreign bodies
present in deeper laters of the epidermis

LANGERHANS’ CELL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cell that directs the repair process, secretes growth factors and enzymes, and destroys bacteria and debris

MACROPHAGES

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cell that helps initiate inflammation through secretion of HISTAMINE, ENZYMES and CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

MAST CELL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dark pigment of the skin and hair
Formed by melanocytes

-protects the skin from UV radiation

MELANIN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pigment-producing cell within the epidermis (melanin)

-located in the STRATUM BASALE

MELANOCYTE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sensory receptor within the epidermis providing information on light touch

Attached to keratinocytes by desmosomes

MERKEL’s CELL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epidermal appendage made of HARD keratin and located on the dorsal tips of the digits

NAIL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thin superficial dermal layer consisting of loosely arranged connective tissue embedded in the gelatinous GROUND SUBSTANCE.

PAPILLARY DERMIS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wound involving the epidermis and part of the dermis.

2nd degree burn
Blister
Stage II pressure injury

PARTIAL THICKNESS WOUND

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Process of engulfing and destroying bacteria and or debris

PHAGOCYTIZING

Thick, deep dermal layer consisting of dense, irregularly arranged connective tissue 80% of dermal thickness

RETICULAR DERMIS

Oil gland, epidermal appendage located within the dermis | - produces sebum

SEBACEOUS GLAND

Oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair May slow bacterial growth

SEBUM

Deepest epithelial cell layer, attached to the dermis below by the basal membrane. Contains a single row continuously dividing cells (keratinocytes) AKA Stratum Germanitivum

STRATUM BASALE

Outermost epithelial cell layer Consists of dead keratinocytes - can be 20-30 cells thick, up to 3/4 of the thickness of the epidermis -serves as a physical barrier from trauma and infection

STRATUM CORNEUM

Epithelial cell layer with 3-5 flattened rows with increasing concentrations of keratin. Between STRATUM SPINOSUM & STRATUM LUCIDUM

STRATUM GRANULOSUM

Epithelial cell layer containing a few flattened layers of dead keratinocytes (appear clear thru a microscope). Between STRATUM GRANULOSUM and STRATUM CORNEUM

STRATUM LUCIDUM

Epithelial cell layer omconsiting of several rows of more mature SPINY keratinocytes (keratin filaments appear spiny) Between STRATUM BASALE and STRATUM GRANULOSUM

STRATUM SPINOSUM

Adipose tissue and fascia located beneath the dermis helps support the skin AKA HYPODERMIS Consists of ADIPOSE TISSUE and FASCIA

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

Sweat gland Epidermal appendage within the dermis Secrete sweat into ducts leading to the surface of the skin

SUDORIFEROUS GLAND

Wound only involving the epidermis Abrasion 1st degree burn

SUPERFICIAL WOUND

Fibrous cord of connective tissue continuous with the fibers of a muscle Attaching the muscle to bone or cartilage

TENDON

Cell that helps fight infection ``` Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils ```

WBC

Dermal cell | Produces collagen, elastin, granulation tissue and growth factors

FIBROBLASTS

EPIDERMAL CELL TYPES

KERATINOCYTES MELANOCYTES MERKEL CELLS LANGERHANS CELLS

EPIDERMAL APPENDAGES

Hair Glands Nails

99% water plus some salts and metabolic waste products

SWEAT

FUNCTIONS OF THE EPIDERMIS (7)

1) chemical and physical barrier 2) fluid regulation 3) critical to wndogenous Vit D production 4) light touch sensation 5) assists with excretion 6) thermoregulation 7) cosmesis

How does the skin play a role in Vit D synthesis?

Converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol when exposed to UV light.

2 LAYERS OF THE DERMIS

Papillary Dermis | Reticular Dermis

DERMAL CELL TYPES

FIBROBLASTS MACROPHAGES WBC MAST CELLS

FUNCTIONS OF THE DERMIS (5)

1) nourishment for epidermis 2) thermoregulation 3) assists with infection control 4) sensation - nerve endings 5) houses epidermal appendages

Regularly arranged COLLAGEN FIBERS May be enclosed in a fibrous sheath

TENDONS

Regularly arranged fibers surrounded by fascia Dark red in color due to its rich vascular supply Will appear gray/black if nonviable

MUSCLES

Regularly arranged fibers | DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Ligaments

Dense connective tissue with fibers running in varied direction.

JOINT CAPSULES

Outermost layer of the skin Regenerates itself every 4-6 weeks Thin Avascular

EPIDERMIS

Innermost layer of the skin Contains a network of nerve endings, blood vessels, lymphatics, capillaries, sweat & sebaceous glands, hair follicles

DERMIS

Corpuscle of touch Located in the Papillary Dermis Contains nerve endings

Meissner’s Corpuscle

Wound caused by scraping or friction to the skin’s surface Superficial Wound

Abrasion

Endothelial cell that lines vessel walls

Angioblast

Formation of new blood vessels

Angiogenesis

Granular leukocyte which releases histamine

Basophil

Substance that attracts cells

Chemotactic Agent

Movement along a chemical gradient

Chemotaxis

Wound’s epithelial integrity has been restored

Closed Wound

Endogenous enzyme | Breaks down collagen during the MATURATION & REMODELING phase of wound healing.

COLLAGENASE

Decreasing the size of the wound Process driven by Myofibroblasts

CONTRACTION

Signaling protein | INFLAMMATORY PHASE

Cytokine

State of EXTREME DRYNESS | -physiological fluids that support wound healing are removed

DESSICATION

Movement of PMNs through capillary walls

DIAPEDESIS

Granular leukocyte | Associated with ALLERGIC RESPONSE

EOSINOPHIL

Resurfacing of wound with KERATINOCYTES

EPITHELIALIZATION

RBC

ERYTHROCYTE

Fluid containing high levels of protein and cells

EXUDATE

Temporary structure Composed of vascular connective tissue Fills the wound void

GRANULATION TISSUE

Growth-promoting substance | Increases cell size, proliferation, activity

GROWTH FACTOR

Closed wound with tissue strength approaching normal

HEALED WOUND

Oxygen carrying pigment of erythrocytes Formed in the bone marrow by young erythrocytes

HEMOGLOBIN

Volume percentage of erythrocytes in WHOLE BLOOD

HEMATOCRIT

``` Chemical mediator Released bu MAST CELLS causes VASODILATION INCREASES CELL WALL PERMEABILITY ATTRACTS OTHER CELLS ```

HISTAMINE

Key structural and functional component of the EXTRA-CELLULAR MATRIX KEY COMPONENT OF AMNIOTIC FLUID Promotes l: Cell proliferation Tissue regeneration Repair

HYALURONIC ACID

First phase of wound healing Vascular and cellular response to injury of living tissue ``` Characterized by RUBOR CALOR DOLOR FUNCTIO LAESA ```

INFLAMMATION

Cell surface receptor | Allows cells to bind reversible to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

INTEGRIN

WBC | protects the body against microorganisms causing disease

LEUKOCYES

Leukocyte Mononuclear NONgranular Participates in IMMUNE RESPONSE

LYMPHOCYTE

Part of the cellular response of the INFLAMMATION PHASE slow PMNs are pushed to vessel walls

MARGINATION

``` Mononuclear Phagocytic leukocyte Formed in the bone marrow Then transported to tissues Develops into MACROPHAGE ```

MONOCYTE

Protease that degrades the extracellular matrix

Matrix Metalloprotease (MMP)

Wound healing PHASE | COLLAGEN matures and reorients along stress lines

MATURATION AND REMODELING

Cell possessing properties of FIBROBLASTS and SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS causes CONTRACTION

MYOFIBROBLAST

Granular LEUKOCYTE involved in PHAGOCYTISIS

Neutrophil

Wound cleaner cell | Secretes enzymes and inflammatory mediators

PMN Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil

Fluid portion of blood | Particulate components are suspended

Plasma

Cell that helps control bleeding | Releases growth factors & chemotactic agents

Platelet

SECOND PHASE OF WOUND HEALING ``` BUILDING AND REGENERATING CONSISTS OF: Angiogenesis Granulation-tissue formation Wound Contraction Epithelialization ```

PROLIFERATION

Re-epithelialization of a wound | Pricipal method of healing in PRIMARY INTENTION

REGENERATION

Substance released by INJURED cells that cause VASODILATION

Prostaglandin

FINAL PHASE OF NORMAL WOUND HEALING Scar tissue is reorganized

REMODELING

PRIMARY MODE OF WOUND CLOSURE IN SECONDARY INTENTION

Repair

Collection of necrotic cells, fibrin, collagen, platelets Covers a superficial wound

SCAB

Pathological shortening of scar tissue resulting in DEFORMITY

SCAR CONTRACTURE

Disc-shaped structure found in the blood and involved in BLOOD COAGULATION AKA PLATELET

Thrombocyte

Protease inhibitor of MMPs

TIMPs TISSUE INHIBITORS OF Matrix Metalloprotease

Low protein collection of fluid caused by increased vascular permeability

TRANSUDATE

Process by which MYOFIBROBLASTS pull wound margins closer together, thereby decreasing the size of the defect

WOUND CONTRACTION

Three Phases of Wound Healing

Inflammation Proliferation Maturation/Remodeling

3 Types of Wound Closures

Primary Intention Secondary Intention Delayed Primary Intention

An organized and predictable process, consisting of 3 overlapping phases: Inflammation Proliferation Maturation/Remodeling

Normal Wound Healing

The body’s 1st response to injury controls blood loss, fends off bacterial invasion Signals cells to restore the injured are Does not occur in dead tissue or in tissues without adequate blood flow Involves cellular and vascular response

INFLAMMATION

Second phase of healing New tissues are built to fill the gap Epithelial integrity is restored Wound is closed

PROLIFERATION

Final phase of healing Lasts up to 2 years after wound closure Scar tissue is reorganized according to Wolff’s Law *scar tissue is less elastic and may only reach a max of 80% of original tissue strength.

MATURATION/REMODELING

When is a wound considered healed?

After it is resurfaced AND maximal attainable tissue strength is achieved.

Module 1- KEY TERMS Flashcards

(108 cards)