Module 1 - Muscles Flashcards by Christine Le

Extrinsic

Layer 1 (Superficial): 2

Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi

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Extrinsic

Layer 2 (Intermediate): 3

Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Minor, Rhomboid Major

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Extrinsic

Layer 3 (Deep): 2

Serratus Posterior Superior, Serratus Posterior Inferior

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Trapezius

Origin (5)

Insertion (3)

Actions (Upper, Middle, Lower, Combo)

Innervation

Medial 1/3 
superior nuchal 
line; external
occipital 
protuberance; 
nuchal ligament; SPs C7 to T12; 
supraspinous lig
C7 to T12

Lateral 1/3 of
clavicle; acromion; superior lip of
the spine of
scapula

Upper part: EL & RET scapula. Middle part: RET scapula. Lower part: DEP & RET scapula. Upper + lower: SUP ROT lateral angle of scapula. Scapula fixed: EX head
and neck. With scapula unilaterally
stabilized it EX and
contralaterally ROT the head and neck

Motor: Spinal accessory
nerve (CN XI)

Pain/Proprio: C3, C4 spinal nerves

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Latissimus Dorsi

Origin (5)

Insertion (1)

Actions (3)

Innervation

SPs of lower 6 T 
vertebrae,
thoracolumbar 
fascia, median 
sacral crest, iliac 
crest, lower 4 ribs

Floor of the
intertubercular
groove of
humerus

Extends, adducts, and medially
rotates humerus;
It raises the body toward arms
during climbing

Thoracodorsal nerve 
(C6, C7, C8)

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Levator Scapulae

Origin (1)

Insertion (1)

Actions

Innervation

Posterior tubercles
of TPs C1 to C4
vertebrae

Medial border of
scapula superior
to the root of
spine of scapula

Scapula: EL, INF ROT
Fixed scapula: EX neck, LAT RL neck and IPSI ROT neck

C3 and C4 spinal
nerves
Dorsal scapular nerve
(C4, C5)

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Rhomboid
Minor

Origin (2)

Insertion (1)

Actions

Innervation

Nuchal lig, SPs of
C7 and T1
vertebrae

Medial border of
scapula at the
level of the root of
spine of scapula

Scapula: RET, INF ROT

Dorsal scapular nerve
(C4, C5)

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Rhomboid
Major

Origin (1)

Insertion (1)

Actions

Innervation

SPs T2 to T5
vertebrae

Medial border of
scapula inferior to
the root of spine
of scapula

Scapula: RET, INF ROT, fixes scapula to the thoracic wall

Dorsal scapular nerve
(C4, C5)

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Serratus
Posterior
Superior

Origin (2)

Insertion (1)

Actions

Innervation

Nuchal lig, SPs of
C7 to T3 vertebrae

Superior borders
of 2 nd to 5 th ribs
(lateral to the
costal angle)

Elevates upper ribs;
Appears to be largely
proprioceptive in function

2 nd to 5 th intercostal
nerves

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Serratus
Posterior
Superior

Origin (1)

Insertion (1)

Actions

Innervation

SPs of T11 to L2
vertebrae

Inferior borders of
8 th to 12 th ribs
(near their costal
angle)

Depresses lower ribs;
Appears to be largely
proprioceptive in function

Lower three
intercostal nerves and
subcostal nerve

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Intrinsic

Layer 4 (Superficial): 2

Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis

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Intrinsic

Layer 5 (Intermediate): 1

Erector Spinae

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Intrinsic

Layer 6 (Deep): 4

Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores Longus, Rotatores Brevis

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Spenius
capitis

Origin (2)

Insertion (2)

Actions

Innervation

Lower part of
nuchal lig, SPs C7-
T3(4) vertebrae

Mastoid process, lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal
line

Bilaterally: extend head and 
neck
Unilaterally: lateral flexes head 
and neck and ipsilateral 
rotation of head

LATERAL branches of
PPR C3 to C5 spinal
nerves

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Splenius
cervicis

Origin (2)

Insertion (2)

Actions

Innervation

SPs of T3(T4)-T6

Posterior
tubercles of TPs
C1-C3(C4)

Bilaterally: extend head and 
neck
Unilaterally: lateral flexes head 
and neck and ipsilateral 
rotation of head (due to ant-lat insertion)

LATERAL branches of
PPR C5 to C7 spinal
nerves

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Iliocostalis lumborum
Origin (1) + Insertion (1)

Iliocostalis thoracis
Origin (1) + Insertion (1)

Iliocostalis cervicis
Origin (1) + Insertion (1)

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common origin of erector
spinae - costal angles of lower 6 to 9 ribs

Costal angles of lower 6 ribs - Costal angles of upper 6 ribs

Costal angles of 3 rd to 6 th ribs - Posterior tubercles of TPs C4 to C7 vertebrae

Erector Spinae - Actions

Iliocostalis lumborum (2)

Iliocostalis thoracis (2)

Iliocostalis cervicis (2)

Innervation of iliocostalis group

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Bilaterally: EX the spine, ribs DEP
Unilaterally: lateral flexes the spine

Bilaterally: extends the spine, ribs
depressor
Unilaterally: lateral flexes the spine

Bilaterally: extends the neck
Unilaterally: lateral flexes the neck

LATERAL branches of
posterior primary
branches of nearby
spinal nerves

Longissimus thoracis
Origin (1) + Insertion (1)

Longissimus cervicis
Origin (1) + Insertion (1)

Longissimus capitis
Origin (1) + Insertion (1)

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Common origin of erector
spinae

TPs of T1-T5

TPs of T1-T5 and non-
articular part of APs of C4-C7

TPs of lower 9 T vertebrae and non-articular
tubercles of lower 9 ribs

Posterior tubercles of TPs and non-articular
part of inferior APs of C2-C6 vertebrae

Mastoid process of temporal bone (deep to
splenius capitis)

Erector Spinae - Actions

Longissimus thoracis

Longissimus cervicis

Longissimus capitis

Innervation of longissimus group

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Bilaterally: extends the spine
Unilaterally: lateral flexes the spine

Bilaterally: extends the spine
Unilaterally: lateral flexes the neck

Bilaterally: extends the spine
Unilaterally: lateral flexes the head

MED and LAT 
branches of 
posterior primary 
branches of nearby 
spinal nerves

Erector Spinae

Spinalis thoracis
Origin (1) + Insertion (1) + Actions (2) + Innervation (1)

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SPs of lower T and upper L
vertebrae

SPs beside the medial border of scapula inferior to the root
of spine of scapula

Bilaterally: extends the spine
Unilaterally: extends the spine

Medial branches of
posterior primary
branches of nearby
spinal nerves

Transverso-spinalis:

Semispinalis thoracis
Origin (1) + Insertion (1)

Semispinalis cervicis
Origin (1) + Insertion (1)

Semispinalis capitis
Origin (1) + Insertion (1)

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TPs of lower 6 T
vertebrae - SPs of vertebrae (4) 5-6 (7) levels above
(e.g. SPs of lower C and upper T vertebrae)

TPs of upper 6 T
vertebrae - SPs of vertebrae (4) 5-6 (7) levels above
(e.g SPs of C2 to C5 vertebrae; big on SP C2!)

TPs of C7 and upper 6 T
vertebrae and Inferior
APs of lower C vertebrae - Occipital bone btw superior and inferior
nuchal lines, medially

Transverso-spinalis - semispinalis actions and innervation

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Bilaterally: extend spine
Unilaterally: extends T and C
spine, laterally flexes spine,
contralateral rotation of VB

Bilaterally: extend head
Unilaterally: extends head

Medial branches of
posterior primary rami
of nearby spinal nerves

Transverso-spinalis -

```
Multifidus
sacral
(lumbar)
(thoracis)
(cervicis)
~~~

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Posterior surface of 
sacrum
Mammillary processes of 
L vertebrae
TPs T vertebrae
Inferior APs of C4-C7 
vertebrae

SPs of vertebrae 3-4 levels above as far as
the SP C2; Note: Multifidi are much
voluminous in lumbar spine)

Transverso-spinalis - multifidus (actions + innervations)

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Bilaterally: extend spine
Unilaterally: extends spine,
laterally flexes spine,
contralateral rotation of VB

Medial branches of
posterior primary rami
of nearby spinal nerves

Transverso-spinalis - Origin & Insertion Rotatores longus Rotatores brevis

TPs T vertebrae (and/or upper L vertebrae) - SPs of vertebrae 2 levels above (important in T spine) TPs T vertebrae (and/or upper L vertebrae) - SPs of vertebrae 1 level above (important in T spine)

Transverso-spinalis - action and innervation Rotatores longus Rotatores brevis

longus: Bilaterally: extend spine Unilaterally: contralateral rotation of VB brevis: Bilaterally: extend spine Unilaterally: contralateral rotation of VB both: Medial branches of posterior primary rami of nearby spinal nerves

List the "minor deep back muscles" (4) and subcciptals (4)

intertransversarii (3) Interspinalis (1) levator costorum longus levator costorum brevis rectus cap. post. min rectus cap. post. maj obliquus cap. inf. obliquus cap. sup.

Interspinalis (-es) O - Insert - A - Innerv.

Superior border of SPs of caudal vertebra Inferior border of SPs of cranial vertebra Extend spine (approximation SPs) Medial branches of posterior primary rami of the nearby spinal nerves

Intertransversarii (-us) • Cervical part • Thoracic part (~) • Lumbar part O - Insert - A - Innerv.

TPs Tps of adjacent/cranial vertebra ``` Bilaterally: stabilize spine Unilaterally: lateral flexion of spine (approximation of TPs) ``` Anterior and posterior primary rami of the nearby spinal nerves

Levator costorum longus O - Insert - A - Innerv.

Tips of TPs C7 to T10 2 nd rib below (btw the tubercle of rib and costal angle) Elevate ribs With ribs stabilized: lateral flexion of spine Lateral branches of posterior primary rami of nearby spinal nerves Lateral branches of posterior primary rami of nearby spinal nerves

Label Image 25

Suboccipital triangle: sup-med border: sup-lat border: inf border:

RCPMaj OCSup OCInf

Suboccipital triangle: Main contents: (3) Roof: Floor: (2)

vertebral artery (3rd segment) PPR C1 (subocciptal nerve) semispinalis capitis posterior atlanto-occipital memebrane & posterior arch of C1

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor O - Insert - A - Innerv.

Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1 Medial portion of inferior nuchal line and occipital bone anterior to it Bilaterally: extend head Unilaterally: extends head and lateral flexion head (weak) Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major O - Insert - A - Innerv.

SP C2 Lateral portion of inf. nuchael line and occipital bone Bilaterally: extend head Unilaterally: ipsilateral rotation of the head Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)

Obliquus Capitis Inferior O - Insert - A - Innerv.

SP C2 TP C1 Bilaterally: stabilizes head Unilaterally: ipsilateral rotation of the neck Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)

Obliquus Capitis Superior O - Insert - A - Innerv.

TP C1 Lateral portion of occipital bone btw superior and inferior nuchal lines ``` Bilaterally: extend head Unilaterally: contralateral rotation of head; lateral flexion of the head (weak) ``` Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)

Module 1 - Muscles Flashcards

(37 cards)