Module 1 - Properties and Structure of Matter Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is the trend of electrical conductivity across the periodic table?
Electrical conductivity increases the more metallic the element is. So on the periodic table it increases right to left and increases downward.
What is the trend of ionisation energy across the periodic table?
Energy required to remove an electron from an element. Valence electrons are easily removed the further they are from the nucleus.
What is the trend of atomic radius on the periodic table?
Atomic radius is determined based off of the amount of electrons and shells an atom has. The closer an atom is to an octet the stronger the attraction decreasing the radius. More shells mean larger radius.
What is the trend of melting point and boiling point on the periodic table?
Determined by strength in bonding in the lattice. Metallic bonds are stronger than covalent meaning they require higher energy to change state.
What is the trend of valency on the periodic table?
Valency is just the amount of electrons that an atom will lose or gain to get a full outer shell. It increases up to group 4 then decreases again.
What is the trend of electronegativity on the periodic table
Based off of the atom’s ability to gain electrons. It increases towards fluorine as the most electronegative.
What is the trend of reactivity on the periodic table?
Group 1 and 2 being most reactive trying to get rid of electrons with anything they can bond to and transition metals being mostly unreactive due to being stable under regular conditions.
Difference between solutions and suspensions
Solutions are homogenous meaning all solutes are dissolved evenly, suspensions are heterogenous with uneven particle dispersion.
What are the 6 signs of Chemical Change?
Gas evolved, Precipitate forms, Change in colour, Change in temperature, Solid disappearing, odour produced.
What physical property is sieving based off of?
Particle size
What physical property is filtration based off of?
Particle sizes and different states
What physical property is evaporation based off of?
Boiling points
What physical property is distillation based off of?
Boiling points and condensibility
What physical property is fractional distillation based off of?
Fractional differences in boiling points
What physical property is sedimentation/decantation based off of?
Density
What physical property is a separating funnel based off of?
Solubility, density, separating immiscible liquids
What physical property is usage of a solvent then filtering based off of?
Solubility
What is percentage composition?
A description of the composition by stating the mass of each element per 100g sample of the compound (%)
What is gravimetric analysis?
Accurately measuring the masses of each component in the process to accurately find the composition of the mixture.
What are the 10 naming prefixes
Mono, Di, Tri, Tetra, Penta, Hexa, Hepta, Octa, Nona, Deca.
What is an orbital?
A region around a nucleus in which an electron can move. Each orbital can only contain a maximum of 2 electrons.
What are the different subshells?
There is 1 type of s orbital, 3 types of p orbitals, 5 types of d orbitals, and 7 types of f orbitals.
What are isotopes?
Atoms from the same element but with a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
What is Emission Spectroscopy/Spectra?
When an atom is given additional energy causing electrons to move from their ground state to a higher shell. When these electrons return to their ground state the excess energy is released as light.
