Module 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowers

Question 1

(gen) produces spores via meiosis

Answer 1

sporophyte

Question 2

sporophyte: n or 2n

Answer 2

2n

Question 3

(gen) germinate and divide via mitosis to produce multicellular gametophytes

Answer 3

spores

Question 4

spore: n or 2n

Answer 4

n

Question 5

(gen) produces gametes (egg and sperm) via mitosis

Answer 5

gametophyte

Question 6

gametophyte: n or 2n

Answer 6

n

Question 7

(gen) formed when gametes join; divide via mitosis to form sporophyte

Answer 7

zygote

Question 8

zygote: n or 2n

Answer 8

2n

Question 9

outermost whorl of flower; green leaf-like structures

Answer 9

sepals

Question 10

set of sepals

Answer 10

calyx

Question 11

whorl inner to the sepals

Answer 11

petals

Question 12

set of petals

Answer 12

corolla

Question 13

petals and sepals together

Answer 13

perianth

Question 14

reproductive structure of angiosperms

Answer 14

flower

Question 15

a flower is a modified ___

Answer 15

shoot

Question 16

the 4 whorls of a flower are modified ____

Answer 16

leaves

Question 17

flower stalk

Answer 17

pedicel

Question 18

fleshy vegetative tissue that holds the floral parts

Answer 18

receptacle

Question 19

3rd whorl; male reproductive structures

Answer 19

androecium

Question 20

long projections coming out of staminal tube

Answer 20

stamen

Question 21

stamen stalk with anthers at the tips

Answer 21

filament

Question 22

contains microsporangia (pollen sacs) that produce pollen grains

Answer 22

anther

Question 23

innermost whorl; female reproductive structures

Answer 23

gynoecium

Question 24

individual unit of gynoecium; composed of stigma, style, ovary

Answer 24

carpel

Question 25

swelling on the base of the flower

Answer 25

ovary

Question 26

long, slender neck found inside staminal tube; connects to ovary at the base and terminates into stigma above

Answer 26

style

Question 27

sticky structure that captures pollen

Answer 27

stigma

Question 28

structures inside ovary which become seeds if fertilized

Answer 28

ovules

Question 29

one carpel or many fused carpels

Answer 29

pistil

Question 30

all 4 whorls present

Answer 30

complete flower

Question 31

1 or more whorls missing

Answer 31

incomplete flower

Question 32

contains both andro and gynoecium

Answer 32

perfect flower

Question 33

contains only an andro or gynoecium

Answer 33

imperfect flower

Question 34

plant that has both male and female flowers

Answer 34

monoecious plant

Question 35

plant that has male and female flowers on separate plants

Answer 35

dioecious plant

Question 36

(phase) megaspore mother cell in the megasporangium of the ovule undergoes meiosis to produce 4 haploid megaspores

Answer 36

megasporogenesis

Question 37

(phase) suriviving megaspore divides by mitosis 3 times without cytokinesis to produce 1 cell with 8 nuclei which is then divided by membranes to form 7-celled embryo sac

Answer 37

megagametogenesis

Question 38

diploid cell that divides into 4 haploid cells

Answer 38

megaspore mother cell

Question 39

haploid cell; 1/4 survives

Answer 39

megaspore

Question 40

how manty times does the surviving megaspore undergo mitosis?

Answer 40

3 times

Question 41

how many cells are there in the embro sac?

Answer 41

7 cells

Question 42

diploid cell that later forms endosperm

Answer 42

central cell

Question 43

3 cells that position themselves opposite the micropyle; degenerate later on

Answer 43

antipodal cells

Question 44

nucleus closest to micropyle

Answer 44

egg cell

Question 45

2 nuclei on either side of egg cell; help attract and guide pollen tube

Answer 45

synergid cells

Question 46

part of seed coat that develops from outer integument

Answer 46

testa

Question 47

part of seed coat that develops from inner integument

Answer 47

tegmen

Question 48

allows pollen tube to enter female gametophyte for fertilization

Answer 48

micropyle

Question 49

(phase) diploid microsporocytes in microsporangia divide via meiosis to produce 4 haploid microspores

Answer 49

microsporogenesis

Question 50

(phase) microspores develop into pollen grains

Answer 50

microgametogenesis

Question 51

diploid cells found within 4 microsporangia in anther

Answer 51

microsporocyte

Question 52

4 haploid cells that develop into pollen grains

Answer 52

microspores

Question 53

layer of cells in the pollen sac that provides nutrition and important components to developing microspores

Answer 53

tapetum

Question 54

smaller cell; nucleus divides by mitosis to form 2 sperm nuclei

Answer 54

generative cell

Question 55

vegetative cell that extends through the style when pollen germinates

Answer 55

tube cell

Question 56

thicker outer layer of pollen wall; contains sporopollenin

Answer 56

exine

Question 57

inner layer of pollen wall

Answer 57

intine

Question 58

complex waterproofing substance supplied by tapetal cells

Answer 58

sporopollenin

Question 59

extension of the cytoplasm of the tube cell

Answer 59

pollen tube

Question 60

joining of female gametophyte with 2 male gametes; ensures that endosperm only develops in ovules where egg has been fertilized

Answer 60

double fertilization

Question 61

4 mechanisms that prevent self-fertilization

Answer 61

1. being dioecius 2. different maturity times 3. structural barriers 4. self-incompatibility