Module 1 : Ultrasound Terminology Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
Inferior
A
Toward feet
2
Q
Superior
A
Toward head
3
Q
Anterior
A
Toward the front
4
Q
Posterior
A
Toward the back
5
Q
Medial
A
Toward midline
6
Q
Lateral
A
Toward the sides
7
Q
Ipsilateral
A
Same side
8
Q
Contralateral
A
Opposite sides
9
Q
Proximal
A
Closer to the point of origin
10
Q
Distal
A
Further from midline
11
Q
Superficial
A
Near the surface
12
Q
Deep
A
Away from the surface
13
Q
Caudal
A
Toward the feet
14
Q
Cephalic / cephalad
A
Toward the head
15
Q
Echogenicity
A
Amount of echoes produced
16
Q
Echotexture
A
Echo pattern within an organ
17
Q
Echogenic
A
Relative term
Produces echoes
Echo rich
18
Q
Anechoic
A
W/o internal echoes
Not always cystic
Echolucent
Sonolucent
19
Q
Hyperechoic
A
Increased amount of echoes
Describes comparison to an adjacent structure
20
Q
Hypoechoic
A
Few echoes
Comparison to another structure
Echopenic
Echo poor
21
Q
Isoechoic
A
Same echogenicity as adjacent structure
22
Q
Homogeneous
A
Uniform echoes throughout a structure
Determines parenchyma texture Of several organs
23
Q
Heterogeneous
A
Uneven texture pattern
24
Q
Necrotic
A
Tissue death
Mixed echogenicity
25
Parenchyma
Tissue
26
Acute
Sudden onset of signs and symptoms
27
Afebrile
W/o fever (usually fever means infection)
28
Atrophy
Wasting, decrease in size
29
Chronic
Gradual onset; health related state lasting long time (greater than 6 months)
30
Complication
Develops as a result of a disease
31
Congenital
Existing at birth; may be hereditary or due to interference at some point
32
Emesis
Vomiting
33
Etiology
Cause of disease
34
Genetic
Abnormality due to defective genes
35
Hypertrophy
Increase in size
36
Latrogenic
Response occurring as a result of treatments UNWANTED
37
Idiopathic
Unknown cause
38
Infection
Invasion of microorganism causing disease
39
Inflammation
Reaction occurring in response to injury
40
Ischemia
Decrease in blood supply causing injury or death (happens over time)
41
Infarction
SUDDEN insufficiency of blood causing necrosis
42
Necrosis
Death of cells, tissue, organs
43
Neoplasm
Abnormal tissue growth due to an abnormal proliferation of cells
44
Prognosis
Forecast of probable outcome of disease
45
Sign
Finding during a physical exam
46
Symptom
Complaint from the patient
47
tissues changes can be ?
- focal
| - diffuse
48
focal changes
- localized changes in structure (organ)
- circumscribed (borders)
- defined by a wall
- single or multiple
- MASS
49
diffuse changes
```
- changes that affect the overall organ parenchcyma
+ echo texture
+ size shape
+ organ positon
+ influence on adjacent structures
- INFILTRATIVE
- subtle
```
50
key info in characterizing abnormalities
- location
- size
- shape
- wall definition/contour
- internal echo pattern
- attenuation characteristics
- vascularity
- compression/displacemnet
51
location - diffuse
- may change the position of on organ
52
location - focal
- reference relational anatomy
- use directional amatomy
+ coinauds
53
size - diffuse
- change in organ size
| - measure organ
54
size - focal
- 2 planes/ 3 measurements
55
shape - diffuse
- organ contour changes
56
shape - focal
- round or oval
| - irregular
57
wall definition / contour - diffuse
- capsule changes
- contour changes
+ nodular
58
wall definition / contour - focal
- describe the wall outline
| - scan in multiple plans
59
wall definition - well definied
- means the same thing as well circumscribed
60
internal echo pattern - inadequate gains
- make things appear falsely cystic
61
internal echo pattern - excessive gains
- make things appear falsely solid
62
diffuse disease - echo texture and pattern
- echotexture
+ becomes heterogenous irregular or patchy parenchyma
- echogenicity
+ becomes hyper echoic hypo echoic anechoic isoechoic
63
focal disease - mass legion categories
- cystic = fluid filled
- solid = tissue
- mixed or complex = fluid and tissue
64
simple cyst - 4 criteria
```
- no internal echoes (anechoic)
+ no color flow
- strong back wall
- POSTERIOR ENHANCEMENT
- defined borders
+ round or oval shape
```
65
complex
- contains fluid and solid areas
| - may display posterior shadowing and or enhancement
66
complex mostly cystic
- small solid nodules
- separations
- debris
67
complex mostly solid
- mostly solid mass with smaller cystic component
68
attenuation characteristics
- refers to the amount of sound passing through a structure causing an effect posterior to a structure
- marked (really obvious) moderate or poor
-
69
acoustic enhancement
- increased area of brightness underneath fluid resulting from lack of impedance when sound waves move through the fluid
70
acoustic shadowing
- absence of echoes posterior to dense material which impedes the transmission of sound
71
vascularity
```
- evaluate blood flow pattern
+ venous or arterial
- use spectral color power doppler
- amount of blood flow
+ increased decreased no flow
- location of blood flow
+ central or peripheral
```
72
compression or displacement - diffuse
- may compress.displace adjacent organs or structures
73
compression or displacement - focal disease
- compress/displace adjacent organs or structures
| - compress/displace vasculature affected organ
74
cystic diseases
- diseases that result in the formation of cysts
- true cysts (epithelial wall)
+ etiology
= congenital or age related
- acquired cysts (no epithelial wall)
+ etiology
= trauma, parasites, abscesses
75
neoplastic disease
```
- abnormal tissue growth
+ cells proliferate at a faster rate
- benign and malignant
- etiology
+ genetics
+ infection
+ lifestyle
+ environment factors
```
76
infectious disease
- disease due to a microorganism
- etiology
+ viruses
+ bacteria
+ fungus
+ parasites
77
metabolic disorders
```
- abnormality in metabolism of substances
+ fat glycogen calcium
- eitology
+ genetic
+ toxins or infection
```
78
congenital disorders
```
- abnormality presenting at or before birth
+ anomolies
+ malformations
+ diseases
- etiology
+ genetic
+ insult or injury during development
```
79
vascular disease
- any disease causing an interference of hemodynamics
+ thrombus compressioni stenosis aneurysm
- etiology
+ lifestyle
+ genesis
+ trauma
