Module 1 Unit 5 Risk Culture and Appetite Flashcards

Determine the appropriate level of risk that an organisation can take in relation to its risk culture (94 cards)

1
Q

Which of the following are determinants of the organisational attitude to risk?

  1. Opportunity pursuit.
  2. Business maturity.
  3. Area of activity.
  4. Decision-making
A

Option 2 is correct. The attitude to risk is often different “when an organisation is a start-up operation rather than a mature organisation”.

Option 3 is correct. The “attitude of the organisation to risk will depend on the sector … within which it operates” and area of activity is another term for sector.

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2
Q

Risk Doctor quote on what is Culture

A

Values and beliefs and knowledge and understanding shared by a group of people with a common purpose.

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3
Q

What is the definition of risk culture?

A

Risk culture is similar to organizational culture but focuses on how people perceive, understand, and manage risks.

It emphasizes the collective attitudes and behaviors regarding risk within an organization.

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4
Q

According to Hopkin and Thompson, what does risk culture reflect?

A

Risk culture reflects the overall attitude of management, influences individual behaviour, and defines how people feel obliged to act.

This highlights the importance of leadership in shaping risk perceptions.

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5
Q

How does the IRM define risk culture?

A

Risk culture is the values, beliefs, knowledge, and understanding about risk shared by a group of people with a common purpose, especially employees within an organization.

This definition emphasizes the collective aspect of risk management.

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6
Q

What is a virtuous cycle in the context of risk culture?

A

A virtuous cycle is when positive actions and behaviours reinforce the desired risk culture.

This leads to a healthier organizational environment regarding risk management.

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7
Q

What constitutes a vicious cycle in risk culture?

A

A vicious cycle occurs when dysfunctional behaviours create a damaging, negative risk culture.

This can lead to increased risks and negative outcomes for the organization.

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8
Q

List three strategies for establishing a positive risk culture.

A
  • Communication
  • Employee Buy-In
  • Involvement

These strategies are essential for fostering a supportive risk management environment.

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9
Q

What role does communication play in establishing a positive risk culture?

A

Communication involves clearly communicating the organization’s expectations through various channels (policies, presentations, newsletters, etc.).

Effective communication ensures that all employees understand risk management practices.

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10
Q

Why is employee buy-in important for risk culture?

A

Employee buy-in convinces employees of the personal benefits of good risk management practices.

When employees see personal advantages, they are more likely to engage in positive risk behaviors.

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11
Q

What is the significance of involving employees in the risk identification process?

A

Involving employees helps in recognizing potential risks and fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility.

This collaborative approach can enhance the effectiveness of risk management strategies.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of training programs in establishing a positive risk culture?

A

Training programs are provided to instil the right practices and knowledge regarding risk management.

Continuous education is vital for maintaining an informed workforce.

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13
Q

What does Deloitte suggest about a strong risk culture?

A

A strong risk culture enables people to consistently do the right thing in a rapidly changing, complex world.

This adaptability is crucial for effective risk management.

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14
Q

How does a strong risk culture support management?

A

It helps management make tough trade-off decisions and balance positive and negative impacts.

This support is essential for navigating complex organizational challenges.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ cycle occurs when positive actions reinforce the desired risk culture.

A

[virtuous]

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ cycle is created by dysfunctional behaviours in risk culture.

A

[vicious]

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17
Q

What is Risk Culture?

A

Assess how people’s attitudes and behaviors influence the risk management process.

A successful risk culture is crucial for the success of both the risk management process and the organization.

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18
Q

Why is Risk Culture important?

A

Establishing the right risk culture is essential for effective risk management.

A strong risk culture can mean the difference between success and failure for the organization.

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19
Q

What do Risk Appetite and Tolerance refer to?

A

The amount of risk an organization can and is willing to take to achieve its objectives.

This helps determine which risks are relevant and how much effort is needed to manage them.

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20
Q

How does understanding Risk Appetite help organizations?

A

Helps organizations understand their capacity for risk.

Guides the practical management of risks to ensure they are kept at acceptable levels.

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21
Q

What is required for managing risks effectively?

A

Changes in attitude, behaviour, and risk culture within the organization.

Ensures that risks are assessed and managed appropriately to create and protect value and support the achievement of objectives.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: A successful _______ is crucial for the success of both the risk management process and the organization.

A

[risk culture]

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23
Q

True or False: A strong risk culture can lead to organizational failure.

A

False

A strong risk culture can mean the difference between success and failure for the organization.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Risk Appetite helps determine which risks are _______ and how much effort is needed to manage them.

A

[relevant]

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25
26
What are the four Risk Culture Influencers in the Deloitte Model?
* Risk Competence * Motivation * Relationships * Organisation ## Footnote Each influencer represents a critical aspect of risk culture within an organization.
27
Define 'Risk Competence' as per the Deloitte Model.
Skills and knowledge related to risk management. ## Footnote This refers to the ability of individuals within the organization to understand and manage risks effectively.
28
What does 'Motivation' refer to in the context of the Deloitte Model?
Incentives and drivers for risk-aware behaviour. ## Footnote This involves understanding what encourages individuals to act responsibly regarding risk.
29
Explain the significance of 'Relationships' in the Deloitte Model.
Interpersonal dynamics and communication. ## Footnote Healthy relationships and effective communication are vital for fostering a positive risk culture.
30
What does 'Organisation' encompass in the Deloitte Model?
Structural and procedural aspects. ## Footnote This includes how the organization is set up to manage risks through its processes and hierarchies.
31
What is the origin of the LILAC Model?
Developed from research by the UK's Health and Safety Executive (HSE) after major rail disasters in the 1980s and 1990s. ## Footnote The model was created to improve safety culture in organizations based on historical events.
32
List the five Indicators of Positive Safety Culture in the LILAC Model.
* Leadership * Two-Way Communication * Involvement of Staff * Learning Culture * Just Culture ## Footnote These indicators are essential for creating a supportive safety environment.
33
What does the acronym LILAC stand for?
Leadership, Involvement, Learning, Accountability, and Communication. ## Footnote This acronym encapsulates the core components of the model.
34
What is the long-term aim of the LILAC Model?
Embedding risk management as part of the way people work. ## Footnote This goal focuses on integrating risk management into everyday practices.
35
How can LILAC be applied in organizations?
* Risk Management Training * Control Environment ## Footnote These applications help enhance risk management practices and the overall control environment.
36
True or False: The LILAC Model promotes a blame culture.
False. ## Footnote The model encourages a Just Culture, which emphasizes accountability rather than blame.
37
What are the components of IRM's ABC Model?
Risk Attitude, Risk Behaviour, Risk Culture ## Footnote Risk Attitude: The chosen position towards risk. Risk Behaviour: Observable actions related to risk. Risk Culture: Shared values and beliefs about risk.
38
How does risk culture influence risk attitude?
Risk culture influences risk attitude and risk behaviour ## Footnote This indicates a cyclical relationship between these concepts.
39
What is the relationship between risk attitude and risk behaviour?
Risk attitude shapes risk behaviour ## Footnote This means that how individuals perceive risk affects their actions.
40
What forms risk culture?
Risk behaviour forms risk culture ## Footnote This suggests that collective actions contribute to the overall culture regarding risk.
41
What misconception exists between risk attitudes and risk culture?
Risk attitudes describe different attitudes, not the culture itself ## Footnote Examples include risk-averse and risk-seeking attitudes.
42
Is risk culture merely 'the way we do things around here'?
No, risk culture encompasses more than just behaviours ## Footnote It includes values, beliefs, and knowledge about risk.
43
How can risk behaviours be assessed?
Risk behaviours can be objectively assessed through surveys or interviews ## Footnote This allows for a clearer understanding of risk culture.
44
What are the 4Cs that define risk attitude according to Hopkin and Thompson?
Comfort, Cautious, Concerned, Critical ## Footnote These terms describe different long-term perspectives on risk.
45
What does a risk matrix illustrate?
A risk matrix illustrates risk attitude ## Footnote An example of this is a representation of a risk-averse attitude.
46
How are risk attitude and risk appetite related?
Risk attitude and appetite are related concepts ## Footnote This relationship will be explored further in Section 5.
47
What is the key question related to risk evaluation?
So What?
48
What are the main components of understanding context and objectives in risk evaluation?
Knowing the context and objectives
49
What is the focus when identifying and prioritizing risks?
Focusing on the biggest risks
50
What does acceptability in risk evaluation determine?
If risks are acceptable in their current state
51
What are trigger points in the context of risk management?
Knowing when to respond to risks based on severity
52
Why is consistency important in risk management?
Ensuring staff respond consistently to risks, not based on individual attitudes
53
What is a balanced approach in risk management?
Managing risks and opportunities without incurring excessive costs
54
What is the definition of risk appetite?
The amount of risk required to achieve objectives
55
What is the decision threshold in risk management?
The point at which action is taken on a risk
56
List the four overriding principles of risk management.
* Interconnectedness * Measurability * Variability * Maturity
57
What does interconnectedness refer to in risk management?
Acceptability varies across different parts of the organization
58
What is meant by measurability in the context of risk appetite?
Ability to measure risk appetite for consistency
59
How does variability affect risk appetite?
Different appetites for different risks
60
What does maturity refer to in enterprise risk management (ERM)?
The maturity of ERM influences risk appetite
61
Define risk capacity.
The maximum amount of risk an organization can bear
62
What is risk tolerance?
The acceptable level of variation in achieving objectives
63
What is risk appetite in the context of an organization?
The amount of risk an organization is willing to take to achieve objectives
64
What does the term risk universe refer to?
The full spectrum of risks an organization faces
65
True or False: Understanding risk appetite helps organizations manage risks effectively.
True
66
What is ABC
A - behaviour comes from the Attitude - the way we think determines the way we think about risk, our chosen position driven by our values and beliefs. B - culture comes from the repeated behaviour' of those people to develop into a risk culture. Repeated behaviour leads to a risk culture. C is culture - so Values, beliefs and knowledge and understanding shared by a group of people with a common purpose - risk Culture has 'feed back' effect on how we think and how we act - good or bad cycle. So risk culture comes from repeated behaviour which comes from how we think about risk.
67
Value of risk culture
important for the achievement of our objectives - we then give it the attention, resources, money needed to do it properly.
68
The COSO ERM Framework was updated in 2017 in part to recognise that having a best-in-class ERM approach does not add value where a positive risk culture does not support it.
As already noted, the updated framework defines enterprise risk management as the ‘culture, capabilities, and practices, integrated with strategy-setting and its execution, that organizations rely on to manage risk in creating, preserving and realizing value.’
68
what are the IRM risk culture framework 5 levels of risk culture
Personal predisposition to risk - is org attracting right people whose predisposition to risk meets boards. - spontaneous and challenge or cautious, pessimistic (use personality tests) Personal ethics - moral values - psychometric tools. behaviours - org culture - sociability, solidarity. Double S risk culture - Risk culture remains challenging to measure but, as sometimes attributed to the late Professor Peter Drucker, ’If it can’t be measured it can’t be managed’.
68
what is risk sociability
the people focus, based on how well people interact socially – on the vertical axis of the model
68
what is risk solidarity
the task focus, based on goals and team performance – on the horizontal axis of the model
69
70
What does bias mean?
An inclination or prejudice against a person or group influenced by experience, assumptions, social norms, judgement, and more. ## Footnote Bias can affect decision-making and perceptions.
71
Define cognitive bias.
A thought process caused by the brain's tendency to simplify information processing through personal experience and preferences, which may or may not be accurate. ## Footnote Cognitive bias can lead to misinterpretation of information.
72
What is the main effect of cognitive bias on decision making?
It leads to subconscious errors that can cause misinterpretation of information from the world around us. ## Footnote This can impact both personal and group decisions.
73
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to believe what we want to believe because the information confirms our existing preconceptions or beliefs. ## Footnote This bias can reinforce existing opinions.
74
What does conformity bias (or group think) refer to?
The influence of a group or majority on an individual's choices, even if contrary to personal judgement. ## Footnote This can lead to a lack of originality in decision making.
75
What is authority bias?
The tendency to favour the ideas of an authority figure. ## Footnote This can lead to uncritical acceptance of potentially flawed ideas.
76
Define bandwagon bias.
The tendency to favour ideas that have already been adopted by others. ## Footnote This can lead to herd mentality in decision making.
77
What is anchoring bias?
The influence of pre-existing knowledge or information that makes it difficult to move beyond that point. ## Footnote This can restrict the ability to consider new information.
78
79
What model is used for measuring risk culture?
Risk Culture Aspects model developed by the IRM ## Footnote This model provides a structured approach to evaluating the components of risk culture within an organization.
80
How many aspects of risk culture does the Risk Culture Aspects model identify?
Eight aspects ## Footnote These aspects are grouped within four themes.
81
What are the four themes of the Risk Culture Aspects model?
* Tone from the top * Decisions * Accountability * Competency ## Footnote Each theme encompasses specific aspects related to risk culture.
82
What is the first aspect under the theme 'Tone from the top'?
Risk leadership – clarity of direction ## Footnote This aspect emphasizes the importance of leadership in establishing a risk-aware culture.
83
What aspect addresses how an organization handles negative information?
Dealing with bad news ## Footnote This aspect is crucial for fostering an open and honest risk culture.
84
Which aspect relates to the clarity of accountability in risk management?
Accountability – clarity of accountability ## Footnote Clear accountability ensures that individuals understand their roles in risk management.
85
What does the aspect 'Transparency' in the Risk Culture Aspects model refer to?
Transparency – and timeliness of risk information ## Footnote Timely and clear communication of risk information is essential for effective risk management.
86
What aspect evaluates how well-informed decisions are made?
Informed risk decisions ## Footnote This aspect focuses on the quality of information used in the decision-making process.
87
What does the 'Reward' aspect focus on?
Reward – rewarding of appropriate risk taking ## Footnote Encouraging appropriate risk-taking behavior is vital for a healthy risk culture.
88
What is assessed under the 'Risk resources' aspect?
Status, resources and empowerment of the risk function ## Footnote Adequate resources are necessary for effective risk management.
89
What does the 'Risk skills' aspect emphasize?
Embedding of risk management skills ## Footnote Cultivating risk management skills across the organization enhances overall risk culture.
90
How are the aspects 'Dealing with bad news', 'Reward', and 'Risk Skills' related to the Double ‘S’ model?
They have a greater impact on sociability ## Footnote Sociability refers to the relationships and interactions within the organization.
91
What is the relationship between the other five aspects of the Risk Culture Aspects model and the Double ‘S’ model?
They are related to improvements in solidarity ## Footnote Solidarity reflects the unity and cohesion within the organization.