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AHA Final > Module 10 - MSK Assessment > Flashcards

Module 10 - MSK Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of MSK System

A
  • Bones
  • Joints
  • Cartilage
  • Ligaments
  • Bursa
  • Muscles (Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac)
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2
Q

Function of MSK

A
  • Supports the body
  • Calcium storage
  • Movement
  • RBC production
  • Protection of the organs
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3
Q

Primary Muscles terminology

A
  • Fasciculi - bundles of fibers

- Tendons - attached to bone

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4
Q

Movement terminology for muscles

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Pronation
  • Supination
  • Circumduction
  • Eversion
  • Rotation
  • Protraction
  • Retraction
  • Elevation
  • Depression
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5
Q

Spinal structures - Terminology

A
  • Vertebrae
  • Spinal process (C7 - L4)
  • Invertebrate discs
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6
Q

Shoulder structure - Terminology

A
  • Glenohumeral joint (ball and socket)
  • Rotator cuff
  • Subacromial bursa – Assists during abduction of the arm
  • Acromion process – Very top of the shoulder
  • Great tubercle of humerous – Second bump of the humerous
  • Coracoid process – Surrounds the joint of the scapula
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7
Q

Structure of Elbow - Terminology

A
  • Humers
  • Radius
  • Ulna
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8
Q

Structure of Wrist/Carpal joints - Terminology

A
  • Radiocarpal joint – articulation of the radius (thumb side)
  • Midcarpal joint - involved in Flexion, Extension, some rotation
  • Metacarpophalangeal/Interphalangeal joints - Finger extension
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9
Q

Structure of the Knee - Terminology

A
  • Femur
  • Tibia
  • Patella (kneecap)
  • Largest joint in the body
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10
Q

Structure of Ankle/foot

- Terminology

A
  • Tibiotalar joint – articulation of the tibia, fibula and talus – hinge joint limited to flexion and extension
  • Medial/lateral malleolus – bony prominence that promote stability if the ankle joint
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11
Q

Health History of MSK

A

1) Joint pain/problems
2) Knee joint
3) Muscles
4) Bones
5) Function Assessment (ADL’s)
6) Self-Care behaviors

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12
Q

How do we test active ROM?

A
  • Voluntary movement, performing the movements on your own
  • Appropriate control
  • Stabilized
  • Recognizing limitations
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13
Q

How do we test passive ROM?

A
  • Limited movements that may require assistance
  • Muscles are relaxed when you move the body
  • Anchor the joint with one hand while your other hand slowly moves to its limit
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14
Q

Process of Rating Muscle Strength

A
  • Instruct the patient to repeat the motions you tested for active ROM
  • Ask the patient to flex (tighten/contract) the muscle and hoe as you apply opposing force
  • Muscle strength should be equal bilaterally
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15
Q

Muscle grading scale

A

5 – Full ROM against gravity, full resistance - Normal
4 – Full ROM against gravity, some resistance - Assessment good
3 – Full ROM with gravity - Assessment fair
2 – Full ROM with gravity eliminated - Assessment is poor
1- Slight Contraction - Assessment is trace
0 - No Contraction - Assessment is zero

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16
Q

Inspection - Normal Findings

A
  • Size
  • Joints
  • Contour
  • Muscle tone
  • Smooth skin
  • Even tone
  • Noting deformities, masses, swelling and discoloration
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17
Q

Inspection - Abnormalities

A
  • Swelling
  • Deformities
  • Lesions
  • Abrasions
  • Scar tissue
  • Contracture
  • Dislocations
  • Discoloration
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18
Q

Palpation - Normal findings

A
  • Even skin texture
  • Temperature
  • Moisture
  • Muscles
  • Bony articulations
  • Area of the joint
  • Should not feel synovial fluid
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19
Q

Palpation - Abnormalities

A
  • Swelling
  • Tenderness
  • Heat
  • Palpable fluid
20
Q

ROM - Abnormalities

A
  • Limited ROM
  • Articular disease – swelling, tenderness around the joint
  • Extra-articular disease– specific tendon, ligament, swelling and tenderness
  • Crepitation
21
Q

Temporomandibular joint - Normal Findings

A
  • Vertical motions
  • Lateral motions
  • Protrusion of lower jaw
  • Use two fingers to assess
22
Q

Temporomandibular joint- Abnormalities

A
  • Swelling
  • Crepitus
  • Pain
23
Q

Cervical Spine - Normal Findings

A
  • Straight alignment
  • Erect head
  • Firm
  • Symmetrical head shape
24
Q

Cervical Spine - Abnormalities

A
  • Tenderness
  • Asymmetry
  • Pain
  • Limited ROM
  • Swelling
  • Cannot maintain flexibility
25
Q

Shoulders - Normal findings

A
  • Symmetry
  • Equality
  • Joint capsules intact
  • Equal size and contour
26
Q

Shoulders - Abnormalities

A
  • Redness
  • Muscular atrophy
  • Deformity
  • Inequality
  • Swelling
  • Tenderness
  • Limited ROM
  • Asymmetry
  • Crepitus
  • Pain
  • Atrophy
27
Q

Elbow - Normal Findings

A
  • Equal size and contour
  • Flex of 70 degrees
  • Equal movement
28
Q

Elbow - Abnormalities

A
  • Swelling
  • Heat
  • Redness
  • Subcutaneous nodules
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Raised
29
Q

Wrist and Hand - Normal findings

A
  • Skin
  • Equal position
  • Equal contour and shape
  • Smooth knuckles
  • Full muscles
30
Q

Wrist and Hand - Abnormalities

A
  • Ganglion cysts
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Tenderness/pain
  • Loss of ROM
  • Limited motion and pain on movement
  • Arthritis
31
Q

Hip - Normal Findings

A
  • Symmetry of the ileac crests, gluteal folds and equal sized buttocks
  • Even gait
  • Stability
32
Q

Hip - Abnormalities

A
  • Pain with palpation
  • Crepitation
  • Limited motion
  • Pain with motion
  • Limited internal rotation of the hip
  • Limitation of abduction of the hip in supine position
33
Q

Knee - Normal findings

A
  • Even coloring
  • Even contour and alignment
  • Distinct concavities on either side
34
Q

Knee - Abnormalities

A
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Tenderness/pain
  • Shiny/atrophic skin
  • Lesions
  • Deformities
  • Bowlegs
  • Knock knees
  • Synovial effusion
35
Q

Ankle and Foot - Normal findings

A
  • Equal position
  • Equal contour
  • Even skin tone
  • Straight toes
  • Smooth ankles
36
Q

Ankle and Foot - Abnormalities

A
  • Hallux valgus - Deformities
  • Hammertoes
  • Swelling/inflammation
  • Calluses and ulcers
  • Tenderness
  • Limited ROM
  • Pain with motion
37
Q

Spine - Normal findings

A
  • Equality
  • Straight/vertical line
  • Firm muscles
  • Normal ROM
  • Gluteal cleft
38
Q

Spine - Abnormalities

A
  • Nucleus pulposus
  • Tenderness
  • Spasms
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Limited ROM
  • Pain with motion
  • Kyphosis
  • Scoliosis
39
Q

Joint Disorders

A
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Anklyosing spondlyitis
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Osteoporosis
40
Q

Shoulder Disorders

A
  • Atrophy
  • Dislocated shoulder
  • Joint effusion
  • Tear
  • Frozen shoulder
  • Subacromial bursitis
41
Q

Elbow Disorders

A
  • Olecranon bursitis (goose egg)
  • Gout
  • Subcutaneous nodules
  • Tennis elbow
42
Q

Wrist/Hand Disorders

A
  • Ganglion cyst
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Anklyosis
  • Dupuytren Contracture
  • Swan neck
  • Ulnar deviation
  • Acute Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Gout
  • Polydactyl
  • Syndactyl
43
Q

Knee Disorders

A
  • Synovial thickening
  • Swelling
  • Muscular atrophy
  • Osgood- Schlatter disease (painful swelling)
44
Q

Ankles and Foot Disorders

A
  • Achilles tendon
  • Gout
  • Hallux Valgus - deformity due to rheumatoid arthritis
  • Callus
  • Ingrown toenail
  • Plantar wart
45
Q

Spinal Disorders

A
  • Scoliosis

- Nucleus pulpous - L4-S1 and will have sciatic pain

AHA Final (6 decks)

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