Module 11

Question 1

a response to stimuli based on past experiences which is made instinctively

Answer 1

emotion

Question 2

form of personal justification which changes from person to person based on their own ethical and moral code, as well as prior experience

Answer 2

reason

Question 3

This theory basically utter runs contrary to the principle that there is objectivity in morality. Fundamentally a meta-ethically theory, it is not about what things are good and what are things are bad.

Answer 3

Ethical Subjectivism

Question 4

the view (largely as described above) that ethical statements reflect sentiments, personal preferences and feelings rather than objective facts.

Answer 4

Simple Subjectivism

Question 5

the view (originally put forward by Protagoras) that there are as many distinct scales of good and evil as there are individuals in the world. It is effectively a form of Egoism, which maintains that every human being ought to pursue what is in his or her self-interest exclusively.

Answer 5

Individualist Subjectivism

Question 6

the view that for a thing to be morally right is for it to be approved of by society, leading to the conclusion that different things are right for people in different societies and different periods in history

Answer 6

Moral Relativism (or Ethical Relativism)

Question 7

the view that what is right is determined by the attitudes that a hypothetical ideal observer (a being who is perfectly rational, imaginative and informed) would have

Answer 7

Ideal Observer Theory

Question 8

refers to a theory about moral judgments, sentences, words, and speech acts; it is sometimes also extended to cover aesthetic and other nonmoral forms of evaluation.

Answer 8

emotivism

Question 9

believe that moral language expresses emotions and tries to influence others; it has no cognitive content.

Answer 9

emotivism

Question 10

Feelings Can Help in Making the Right Decision (principles to bear mind) – Pillemer & Wheeler (2010)

Answer 10

1. Don’t accept the problem as given
2. Listen to both your heart and head
3. Watch your language
4. Take special care in dimly lit places
5. Be modest about your virtue
6. Understand why others transgress
7. Don’t give up on yourself (or on others)