Module 1.1

Question 1

What are the three levels of structural organisation?

Answer 1

1. Tissues 2.organs 3.organ system

Question 2

What are tissues?

Answer 2

Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together

Question 3

What are organs?

Answer 3

Organs are structures that are made up of two or more tissues; organised to carry out a particular function

Question 4

What are Organ Systems?

Answer 4

Organ Systems are a group of Organs with related functions

Question 5

What are the four tissue types?

Answer 5

1. Epithelial 2. connective tissue
2. Muscle tissue 4. Nervous tissue

Question 6

Where is Epithelial tissue found in the body?

Answer 6

Epithelial tissue is found on the lining of Organs and the Epidermis (the skin)

Question 7

Where is Connective Tissue found in the body?

Answer 7

Connective tissue is found on the bones/ tendons. It is usually soft padding tissue or fat (it links the epithelial to the muscles)

Question 8

What are the three types of Muscle tissue?

Answer 8

1. Cardiac Muscle 2. Smooth Muscle
2. Skeletal muscle

Question 9

Where is Cardiac muscle found?

Answer 9

The walls of the heart. It’s not under control and uses intercalated disks to make the heart beat and allow the cells to contract in sync.

Question 10

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 10

The walls of blood vessels and other internal structures

Eg. the digestive tract, uterus and urinary bladder. Smooth muscle is not under conscious control

Question 11

Where is Skeletal Muscle found?

Answer 11

Attached to bones and Tendons

Question 12

Where is Nervous Tissue found?

Answer 12

It is the tissue of the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Nervous tissue is responsible for sensing external and internal cues. Its core function is to process and transmit information. Nervous tissue is made up of two main types of cells; Neurons/ nerve cells and glial.

Question 13

What are the 11 body systems?

Answer 13

1. Cardiovascular 2. Lymphatic
2. Digestive 4. Endocrine 5. Integumentary/ immune system
3. Muscular 7. Nervous 8. Reproductive 9. Skeletal 10. Urinary 11. Respiratory

Question 14

What organs does the Cardiovascular system contain?

Answer 14

Heart, blood and blood vessels

Question 15

What organs does the lymphatic system contain?

Answer 15

Lymph nodes, lymph and lymph Vessels

Tonsils, spleen, bone marrow, thymus gland

Question 16

What organs does the digestive system contain?

Answer 16

Mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, liver, large and small intestines, pancreas and Gallbladder

Question 17

What organs does the Endocrine system contain?

Answer 17

Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine, pancreas, adrenal, testes and ovaries

Question 18

What organs does the Muscular system contain?

Answer 18

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles

Question 19

What organs does the integumentary system and immune system contain?

Answer 19

Hair, skin and nails

Tonsils, adenoids, thymus, spleen and skin

Question 20

What organs does the nervous system contain?

Answer 20

Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory organs

Question 21

What organs does the reproductive system contain?

Answer 21

Tested, uterus etc

Question 22

What organs does the Skeletal system contain?

Answer 22

Bones, cartilage, joints, tendons and ligaments

Question 23

What organs does the urinary system contain?

Answer 23

Kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra and ureters

Question 24

What does the Cardiovascular system do?

Answer 24

It transports Oxygen to cells and waste/ substances away from cells

Question 25

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 25

It defends against infection and disease

Question 26

What does the digestive system do?

Answer 26

It processes food, absorbs nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water

Question 27

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 27

It communicates using hormones and directs long-term change to other organ systems

Question 28

What does the integumentary system and the immune system do?

Answer 28

Provides protection from injury/ fluid loss. Provides physical defence against infections and disease causing agents

Question 29

What does the muscular system do?

Answer 29

It provides movement support and heat protection to the body Muscle tissue is responsible for keeping the body moving and pumping blood. It also pushes food through the digestive tract

Question 30

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 30

It collects, transfers and processes information. It directs short-term change to other organ systems

Question 31

What does the reproductive system do?

Answer 31

It produces gametes (sex hormones) and functions to produce offspring

Question 32

What does the skeletal system do?

Answer 32

It provides movement to joints and produces blood cells/ stores minerals

Question 33

What does the urinary system do?

Answer 33

It removes excess water, salts and waste from the blood and body. It also controls the body’s PH

Question 34

What is anatomy?

Answer 34

Anatomy is the science of body structure and being able to separate the body structure to further study it and their relationships to one another.

Question 35

What is Physiology?

Answer 35

Physiology is the study of how the body functions and focus on how each body part works

Question 36

What is the Anatomical Position?

Answer 36

The anatomical position is when a person is standing upright, arms rested to their sides and the palms facing out towards us

Question 37

What does Anterior/ ventral mean?

Answer 37

The front of the body

Question 38

What does posterior/ dorsal mean?

Answer 38

The back of the body

Question 39

What does Superior mean?

Answer 39

Above or towards the head

Question 40

What does inferior mean?

Answer 40

Below or towards the feet

Question 41

What are the terms proximal and distal used for?

Answer 41

The terms are used to describe two points on the same limb

Question 42

What does proximal mean?

Answer 42

Closer to where the arm and leg inserts into the body

Question 43

What does distal mean?

Answer 43

Further away from where the arm and leg inserts into the body

Question 44

What does medial mean?

Answer 44

Closer to the midline of the body

Question 45

What does lateral mean?

Answer 45

Further from the midline of the body

Question 46

What are the four anatomical planes?

Answer 46

Sagittal, frontal plane, transverse plane and oblique plane

Question 47

What is a sagittal plane?

Answer 47

A vertical cut that separates the body into two (left and right)

Question 48

What is the mid-sagittal plane?

Answer 48

The mid sagittal plane cuts through the mid-line

Question 49

What is the para-sagittal plane?

Answer 49

It cuts off the mid-line

Question 50

What is the frontal plane?

Answer 50

It divided the body into anterior and posterior portion (a sideways cut)

Question 51

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 51

Divided the body into superior and inferior portions (a horizontal cut)

Question 52

What is an oblique plane?

Answer 52

Cuts the body in any diagonal section (Oblique angle)