module 11

Question 1

Fundamentalism refers to

Answer 1

a belief, a movement, or an
agitation for a return to foundational truth embedded
in basic religious philosophy/text.

Question 2

fundamentalism contracts sharply with

Answer 2

liberal ideology or modernity

Question 3

According to Anson (2011), fundamentalism …..

Answer 3

became
popular in 1910 after the publication of a series by
two brothers who were businessmen – The Fundamentals.

Question 4

what was the purpose of fundamentalism

Answer 4

The purpose was to promote biblical inerrancy

Question 5

Post modernists have suggested that the rise
of fundamentalism may be due to:

Answer 5

A) A response to secularization especially a
perceived decline of morality.
B) A response to social change e.g family
diversity, gender equality, abortion rights.
Their aim is to re-affirm the true religion.
C) A response to globalization,
especially the increasing influence of
Western consumerism and materialism
whose decadence is seen by some
members of less developed societies as
a threat to their faith and identity.

Question 6

Characteristics of Fundamentalism (6)

Answer 6

1) Infallible interpretation of religious
texts and theology literally and
selectively.
2) Aversion towards modern science.
3) Rejection of religious pluralism
and intolerance of other religions.
oMonotheism.
4) Patriarchal control is regarded as the
norm.
5)Traditional and conservative
is favoured at the expense of the modern
and liberal which are interpreted as
morally corrupt.
6) Probable world hegemony.

Question 7

what establishment made the tentacle of fundamentalism broadened

Answer 7

the Ikwan al
Muslimin (Muslim Brotherhood) by Hassan al
Banna in Egypt in the late 1920s

Question 8

what happened to he Ikwan al
Muslimin (Muslim Brotherhood) by Hassan al
Banna in Egypt by the 1930s

Answer 8

it spread to Syria and Lebanon,
among other places

Question 9

According to Anson Shupe (2011:480),
Islamic fundamentalism favours the marriage
of faith, state, and patriarchy such that
policies and social events reflect a

Answer 9

“Pan-islam that must be converted abroad in
order to create an ideal ummah (an
an international community of like-minded
believers).”

Question 10

Cases of fundamentalist push-pull forces
include (6):

Answer 10

• Hinduist fundamentalism
• Sikhist fundamentalism
• Buddhist fundamentalism
• Japanese Shintoism
• (Modern) Confucianism (especially non-
  Occidental/Western regions combatting
  Westernization)
• The Fundamentalism Project

Question 11

Globalization of fundamentalism is a

Answer 11

reversal process that aims at undoing
the supposed ills of occidental
civilization

Question 12

how does globalization undo the supposed ills of occidental civilization?

Answer 12

• Resisting institutional differentiation.
• Nationalist rebirth

Question 13

Fundamentalism Gobalized: Reclamation and proclamation
of authority over sacred affairs as an

Answer 13

antidote to straying humanity

Question 14

Fundamentalism Globalized. Repositioning religion to its

Answer 14

original
centrality

Question 15

Fundamentalism Globalized. Localization of movements with a view to
achieving

Answer 15

regional and
finally global outlook.

Question 16

Science is not bad but must be used in
accordance with

Answer 16

traditional religious terms

Question 17

It is more accurate to say that fundamentalisms are ____ _____ in the science they
appropriate as an end to achieve the paramount
mission of _____ ____ _____

Answer 17

pragmatically selective
theologically realigning society.

Question 18

fundamentalists do not automatically eschew science instead they

Answer 18

appropriate it solely on
their (re-sacralized) terms.

Question 19

the argument for generic fundamentalist
complaint has been that institutional
differentiation renders

Answer 19

religion compartmentalized

Question 20

How does institutional differentiation diminish religion’s authority to define priorities in private affairs and public policies, leading to the generic fundamentalist complaint? ( How does “institutional differentiation” weaken religion’s power in society?)

Answer 20

It makes religion just one voice among many, instead of the main one. This means religion has less say in how people live and how society is run.

Question 21

differentiation is marked by

Answer 21

increasing
cultural diversity through immigration, cross-
national employment opportunities, among other

Question 22

Fundamentalist movements are more than remedial
efforts to restore

Answer 22

sacred cultural anchors

Question 23

Fundamentalists perceive themselves as

Answer 23

lacking , or
barely hanging on to cultural hegemony as underdogs
in a constantly threatening secularist world that
wishes them at worst destroyed and at best rendered
irrelevant.

Question 24

Religious fundamentalists are driven to seek and/or
maintain a

Answer 24

majoritarian position even at the
price eliminating other small pluralities.

Question 25

Violence is a tool for

Answer 25

consolidation in the name of reinstating a sacred regime under such conditions.

Question 26

Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran

Answer 26

preached martyrdom, whether against the Great Satan of the Christian West (principally the United States) or other Muslim believers who did not share the same vision of Islamic revolution

Question 27

assassination of India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984 by .....? is example of?

Answer 27

the Islamic Taliban regime in Afghanistan and the Sikh fundamentalist extremists example of fundamentalism and violence

Question 28

Other kinds of fundamentalisms are put forward to combat supposed religious anarchy:

Answer 28

e.g., fascism, Marxism, Nazism, and some variants of politically motivated civil rights movements against religion (e.g., antisemitism and the Quite Revolution)

Question 29

Catherine Wallace profoundly explicated the

Answer 29

political economy of religiously motivated violence.

Question 30

.Complex spiritual summons has _____ ____- who said this

Answer 30

political implications Catherine Wallace

Question 31

______ ______ can take several forms, all of them malignant. who said this

Answer 31

radical passivity - catherine wallace

Question 32

Violence elicits more ____. That endless spiral is the tragedy of human history. As our weapons have become more advanced, the cycle of vengeance and revenge for vengeance has become more primitive, faster, and more devastating. who said this

Answer 32

violence catherine wallace

Question 33

A seeming independent world system never successfully evolves because

Answer 33

in moving toward that end, some religious traditions and national identities are threatened with becoming irrelevant and thus need to reassert themselves.

Question 34

Threatened globalization begins a process of

Answer 34

reversal

Question 35

religion becomes the core set of values around which ____ ____ while _____ becomes a frequent accessory after the fact.

Answer 35

resentment clusters nationalism

Question 36

religion has played a significant role in the process of

Answer 36

globalization

Question 37

religion has played a significant role in the process of globalization, especially when we consider the expansion of

Answer 37

world religions such as Islam and Christianity.

Question 38

globalization and fundamentalism are

Answer 38

two sides of the same dialectic coin. * Because every religion (theism and non-theism) is laced with emotional elements, religious sentimentality can be used for perpetrating violence or to negotiate peaceful coexistence.

Question 39

Because every religion (theism and non-theism) is laced with _____ ____, religious sentimentality can be used to perpetrate

Answer 39

emotional elements violence or to negotiate peaceful coexistence