Module 11 Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
What type of cells produce CSF?
A
Ependymal Cells
2
Q
Flow of CSF?
A
Lateral ventricles – 3rd & 4th ventricules – subarachnoid space – Central canal of spinal cord – venous circulation
3
Q
CSF is produced by the _____
A
Chorid Plexuses
4
Q
Majority of CSF is made in the____?
A
Lateral ventricles
5
Q
Functions of CSF?
A
Provides nutrients to the CNS tissues, protective cushion around the brain and spinal cord, protects the brain rains the shock of rapid head movements
6
Q
Two layers of Dura Mater ____?
A
Arachnoid Mater & Pia Mater
7
Q
The majority of the CSF fluid enters the ventricles by following which kind of concentration gradient?
A
Sodium Ions
8
Q
This type of Memory is used as you cross the street looking both ways. Or when you’re playing chess
A
Working Memory
9
Q
This memory is accessed when we are functioning while trying to remember something
A
Working Memory
10
Q
Refers to a portion of long-term memory that processes ideas and concepts that are not drawn from personal experienc
A
Semantic
11
Q
Thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system
A
Hippocampus
12
Q
Awake & Engaged
A
Beta Waves
13
Q
Relaxed, mind is wandering, non-focused
A
Alpha Waves
14
Q
Early sleep in young children // early stages of sleep
A
Theta Waves
15
Q
Deep sleep or brain damage (coma)
A
Delta Waves
16
Q
It controls the basic emotions (fear, pleasure, anger) and drives (hunger, sex, dominance, care of offspring)
A
The Limbic System
17
Q
Emotional and Pleasure Centers?
A
The Limbic System
18
Q
Without the ______ you couldn’t have memory, reproduction or nutrition
A
The Limbic System
19
Q
Addictions are primarily housed in what region of the brain?
A
The Limbic System
20
Q
Function of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?
A
Maintain the brain in a state of alertness or arousal
21
Q
Damage to what area of the brain would cause Narcolepsy?
A
RAS
22
Q
Structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination?
A
The Red Nucleus
23
Q
What is located in the midbrain & plays an important role in reward & movement?
A
The Substantia Nigra Black
24
Q
What causes the Red Nucleus to be red?
A
Iron
25
The largest part of the human brain?
Cerebrum
26
Associated with higher brain function such as thought and action?
Cerebrum
27
The cerebral cortex is divided into four sections, called ____?
Lobes
28
What are the 4 lobes?
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe
29
Where is the Primary Auditory Cortex located?
Superior part of the temporal lobe?
30
Occipital lobe?
Eyes
31
Numerous bumps in the surface of the cerebrum?
Gyri
32
The valleys/grooves in the brain?
Sulci
33
What brain structure is responsible for muscle tone, balance, and coordination?
Cerebellum
34
Analytical side of brain?
Left brain
35
Problem solving, math, science?
Left Brained
36
Artistic side of the brain?
Right Brained
37
Creativity, Music, Art?
Right Brained
38
4 regions of the brain?
Cerebrum, Diecephalon, Brain Stem, Cerebellum
39
Primary Motor Cortex, Premotor Area, Motor Speech Are (Brocha's Area), Prefrontal Area are all apart of what lobe?
Frontal Lobe
40
Primary Somatic Sensory Cortex & taste area are associate with what lobe?
Parietal Lobe
41
Primary Auditory Cortex, Auditory Association Area, Sensory Speech Area (Wernick's Area) are associated with what lobe?
Temporal Lobe
42
Visual Association Area, Visual Cortex are associated with what lobe of the brain?
Occipital Lobe
43
Taste, hand & eye movement?
The Insula
44
Memory, attention, perception, thought, movement, language, consciousness are associated with ______?
Cerebral Cortex
45
3 Main Divisons of the cerebral cortex?
Motor areas, sensory areas, association areas
46
Another name for Primary Motor Cortex?
Precentral Gyrus
47
Functions of Primary Motor Cortex?
Planning, initiation and execution
48
Initiates muscle & movements necessary for speech? (can't pronounce words with damage)
Broca's Area
49
Auditory or visual comprehension of language? (can't form sentences if damaged)
Wernicke's Area
50
What do we call the gray matter deep in the cerebrum?
Nuclei
51
3 types of fibers?
Association fibers, commissural fibers, projection fibers
52
Information within the same hemisphere?
Association Fibers?
53
Information across hemispheres?
Commissural Fibers
54
Cerebrum to other parts of the CNS?
Projection Fibers
55
Wernicke's Area also in _____ lobe?
Parietal lobe
56
3 parts the diencephalon?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
57
Relay center for information coming into the cerebral cortex? (sensory impulses)
The Thalamus
58
_____ neurons converge and synapse in the thalamus?
Afferent
59
Positioned below the thalamus?
Hypothalamus
60
Visceral control center & homeostasis maintenance?
Hypothalamus
61
The _____ is associated with ANS (heart rate, BP, digestion), emotions (pleasure, fear, rage), Body temp, Hunger, Thirst, Sleep, Endocrine System
Hypothalamus
62
Bridge between the limbic system and the cerebrum?
Epithalamus
63
Pain processing, reproductive behavior, learning, sleep-wake cycles, created to the limbic system?
Epithalamus
64
The pineal Gland releases _____?
Melatonin (associated with sleep)
65
3 parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
66
Critical body functions the brainstem?
respiration & heart regulation
67
Most superior portion of the brainstem?
Midbrain
68
In between diencephalon & pons?
Midbrain
69
Substantia Nigra and red nucleus located?
Midbrain
70
Movement of eyes as we track moving object? Input from eyes/
Superior Colliculi
71
Coordinate head and eye movements with sudden sounds?
Inferior Colliculi
72
Two parts of Corpora Quadrigemina?
Superior Colliculi & Inferior Colliculi
73
Associated with Parkinson's disease?
Substantia Nigra
74
Substantia Nigra is black because of _____?
Neuromelanin
75
Substantia Nigra neurons produce _____?
Dopamine
76
These neurons of the Substantia Nigra ascend to the cerebrum to the _____?
Basal Nuclei (control skeletal muscle control)
77
What contributes to sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, posture
The Pons
78
Pons = _____?
Bridge
79
Assists in homeostasis, strength and force of heart rate, depth of breathing, vomiting, hiccuping, coughing, sneezing and decussation?
The Medulla Oblongata
80
Motor learning & motor coordination?
Cerebellum
81
Compares what is actually happening to what the motor cortex ordered?
Cerebellum
82
Typing, driving, riding a bike, piano playing, etc, emotions, language, thought processing
Cerebellum
83
3 parts of limbic system?
Cingulate Gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus
84
Part of the cerebrum & diencephalon?
Limbic System
85
What is not fully developed until 25 years old?
Limbic System
86
Cognition and spatial memory? (what when and where)
The Hippocampus
87
Important in learning, short term memory and conversion of short term memories to long term?
The Hippocampus
88
Episodic & Autobiographical types of memories?
The Amygdala
89
Facial recognition and first impressions?
The Amygdala
90
Regulates motor control, initiating, stopping and monitoring intensity of voluntary motor movements
The Basal Nuclei
91
What releases dopamine in response to reward & stimulated by cocaine, alcohol, nicotine?
Ventral Tegmental Area
92
Formation & storage of memories?
Amygdala
93
social interactions, processing of personal space, sexual and aggressive behavior, desire for physical contact
The Amygdala
94
Allows for control of the amygdala?
Septal Nuclei
95
Similar to nucleus accumbens * reward/reinforcement
Septal Nuclei
96
Lasts from seconds to a few minutes?
Short term memory
97
Small amounts of information (phone number)
Short term memory
98
Correlates our current situation with our experiences?
Working Memory
99
2 types of long-term memory?
Explicit & Implicit
100
Facts, names, dates, processes, expressed verbally
Explicit
101
Explicit is the same as ______?
Declarative Memory
102
Riding a bike, walking, tying shoes?
Implicit
103
Implicit is the same as _____?
Procedural
104
The process of converting short-term to long-term memory?
Consolidation
105
Responsible for generating long-term memories?
Hippocampus
106
Can't make new memories after neurological insult?
Anterograde Amnesia
107
Difficulty retrieving memories that were from before the injury?
Retrograde Amnesia
108
Important in converting short-term memory into long-term memory?
Hippocampus
109
What memory lasts days to years?
Long-term memory
110
Purpose of the meninges?
Protect CNS
111
2 layers of Dura Mater?
Periosteal Layer & Menigeal Layer
112
Arachnoid Layer & Subarachnoid Space cushions and protects the _____?
brain
113
_____ space filled with CSF?
Subarachnoid Space
114
Very delicate & makes border for CSF?
Pia Mater
115
From rupture arteries? Usually from physical trauma
Epidural Hemorrhages
116
Compression of CNS (intense headaches)
Epidural Hemorrhages
117
Venous Bleed, shaken baby syndrome, whiplash, rips the veins in the subdural space?
Subdural Hemorrhage
118
Thunderclap headache?
Subarachnoid Hemorrhages?
119
CSF is in this space?
Subarachnoid Hemorrhages?
120
_______ are the second most common cause of stroke?
Intracerebral Hemorrhages
121
Damage tot eh region of the brain where it occurs?
Intracerebral Hemorrhages
122
Cranial nerves can transmit ____ information & _____ information?
Sensory & Motor
123
Cranial Nerve #1 is?
Olfactory
124
Nerve associated with smell?
Olfactory
125
Cranial Nerve #2 is?
Optic
126
Nerve associated with vision?
Optic
127
Cranial Nerve #3 is?
Occulomotor
128
Cranial Nerve #4 is?
Trochlear
129
Cranial Nerve #5 is?
Abducens
130
Nerves 3,4,5 are associated with?
Eye movement
131
Cranial Nerve #6 is?
Trigeminal
132
Nerve associated with sensory (face), sinus, teeth, jaw muscles?
Trigeminal
133
Cranial Nerve #7 is?
Facial
134
Nerve associated with face muscles, taste?
Facial
135
Cranial Nerve #8 is?
Auditory
136
Nerve associated with hearing & balance?
Auditory
137
Cranial Nerve #9 is?
Glossopharyngeal
138
Nerve associated with muscle of throat & larynx & taste
Glossopharyngeal
139
Cranial Nerve #10 is?
Vagus
140
Nerve associated with internal organs?
Vagus
141
Cranial Nerve #11 is?
Hypoglossal
142
Nerve associated with tongue movements?
Hypoglossal
143
Cranial Nerve #12 is?
Spinal Accessory
144
Nerve associated with muscles of the neck and upper back?
Spinal Accessory
