Module 11

Question 1

Invertebrates:

Answer 1

Animals that lack a backbone.

Question 2

Vertebrates:

Answer 2

Animals that posses a backbone.

Question 3

Spherical symmetry:

Answer 3

An organism possesses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into 2 identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism’s center.

Question 4

Radical Symmetry:

Answer 4

An organism possesses radical symmetry if it can be cut into 2 identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center.

Question 5

Bilateral symmetry:

Answer 5

An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into 2 identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves.

Question 6

Epidermis:

Answer 6

An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection

Question 7

Mesenchyme:

Answer 7

The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge.

Question 8

Collar cells:

Answer 8

Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge

Question 9

Amoebocytes:

Answer 9

Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals.

Question 10

Gemmule:

Answer 10

A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell.

Question 11

Polyp:

Answer 11

The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other.

Question 12

Medusa:

Answer 12

A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles.

Question 13

Epithelium:

Answer 13

Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance.

Question 14

Mesoglea:

Answer 14

The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian.

Question 15

Nematocysts:

Answer 15

Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators.

Question 16

Testes:

Answer 16

Organs that produce sperm.

Question 17

Ovaries:

Answer 17

Organs that produce eggs

Question 18

Anterior end:

Answer 18

The end of an animal that contains its head.

Question 19

Posterior end:

Answer 19

The end of an animal that contains its tail.

Question 20

Circulatory system:

Answer 20

A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature’s body.

Question 21

Nervous system:

Answer 21

A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste.

Question 22

Ganglia (singular ganglion):

Answer 22

Masses of nerve cell bodies

Question 23

Hermaphroditic:

Answer 23

Possessing both the male and the female reproductive organs.

Question 24

Regeneration:

Answer 24

The ability to regrow a missing part of the body.

Question 25

Mantle:

Answer 25

A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration.

Question 26

shell:

Answer 26

A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support.

Question 27

Visceral Hump:

Answer 27

A hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive, and excretory organs.

Question 28

Foot:

Answer 28

A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal.

Question 29

Radula:

Answer 29

An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths.

Question 30

Univalve:

Answer 30

An organism with only a single shell

Question 31

Bivalve:

Answer 31

An organism with two shells.

Question 32

Do the vast majority of animals have backbones?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

Determine the symmetry of: | A. an eagle B. a jellyfish C. a Centipede D. a mushroom

Answer 33

A. Bilateral Symmetry B. Radical Symmetry C. Bilateral Symmetry D. Radical Symmetry

Question 34

How do sponges get their prey?

Answer 34

by pulling water in.

Question 35

If a sponge is soft, does it contain spicules or spongin? What purpose do these substances serve in a sponge?

Answer 35

Spongin. They support the sponge.

Question 36

What is the predominant mode of asexual reproduction in a sponge?

Answer 36

Budding

Question 37

What roles do amoebocytes play in the anatomy of a sponge?

Answer 37

They help digest and transport nutrients, carry waste to be excreted, bring necessary gases such as oxygen to the cells, and they form the spicules or spongin.

Question 38

When does a sponge produce gemmules?

Answer 38

during inclement (unpleasantly cold or wet) climates

Question 39

What is the difference between the nematocysts of a hydra and those of a sea anemone?

Answer 39

The nematocyst in a hydra are triggered by presser while a sea anemone's are triggered by chemicals

Question 40

Why do cnidarians not need respiratory or excretory systems?

Answer 40

because their body walls are so thin that gases diffuse right through them.

Question 41

Some biology books say that jellyfish live "dual lives" why?

Answer 41

because they live some of their lives as polyps and the rest as a medusa.

Question 42

If a jellyfish reproduces sexually, what form is it in?

Answer 42

Medusa

Question 43

What is another name for a large coral colony?

Answer 43

a coral reef

Question 44

What is the small tube at the tip in the interior of a worm, and what does it do?

Answer 44

the mouth. it sucks food into the worm by using the pharynx.

Question 45

What is the long tube at the very bottom of the interior of a worm, and what does it do?

Answer 45

the ventral nerve cord. It is attached to the ganglia

Question 46

what are the two bumps above the long cord on the bottom of an earthworm, and what do they do?

Answer 46

the seminal receptacles. They are the sacks where the testes of another worm enter during reproduction.

Question 47

What is the large mass right below the middle masses in an earthworms, and what does it do?

Answer 47

the seminal vesicles. They are where the testes are stored.

Question 48

what is the long branching tube on the lower half of a worm, and what does it do?

Answer 48

It is the ventral blood vessel. It helps to pump blood

Question 49

What are the doubled over "clasps" on the lower half of a worm, and what do they do?

Answer 49

they are the nephridia with nephridiopores. They act like kidneys the waste is gathered in nephridia's and is expelled through the nephridiopores.

Question 50

What is the "band-aid" near the anterior end of the worm, and what does it do?

Answer 50

it is the clitellum. It forms a cocoon during reproduction as a home for the baby worm.

Question 51

What is the last large oval in the center of a worm, and what does it do?

Answer 51

it is the intestine, It digests digestible materials by the use of enzymes.

Question 52

What is the branching tube in the upper half of the worm, and what does it do?

Answer 52

it is the dorsal blood vessel. It helps to pump blood.

Question 53

what is the 4th oval lump in the middle of a worm, and what does it do?

Answer 53

It is the gizzard. It grinds the soil, breaking into small pieces any vegetation, refuse, or decaying organic matter that happens to be in the soil.

Question 54

What is the 3rd oval lump in the middle of a worm, and what does it do?

Answer 54

it is the crop. It is where the soil is stored for a little while.

Question 55

What is the triangular organ above the dorsal blood vessel, and what does it do?

Answer 55

It is the oviduct. It is where the eggs are stored.

Question 56

What is the small oval next to the oviduct, and what does it do?

Answer 56

It is the ovary. It makes eggs.

Question 57

What is the 2nd large oval in the middle of the worm, and what does it do?

Answer 57

it is the esophagus. it passes food from the pharynx to the crop

Question 58

What are the rib-like structures over the esophagus, and what do they do?

Answer 58

They are aortic arches. They help pump blood through the blood vessels.

Question 59

What is the 1st oval in the middle of the worm, and what does it do?

Answer 59

It is the pharynx. It sucks up dirt through the mouth.

Question 60

What are the eye-like structures at the front of a worm, and what do they do?

Answer 60

They are the ganglia they act like two small brains that tell the worm what to do when it senses touch, light, and certain chemicals.

Question 61

What benefits do earth worms give the plants in the soil they inhabit?

Answer 61

They mix up the nutrients from lower soil with the upper soil making the soil more fertile, they also make it easier for oxygen to travel to roots.

Question 62

If you pick up 2 earthworms and the 1st feels very slimy near the clitellum and the second does not, what can you conclude about the first earth worm?

Answer 62

it must have recently mated but has not formed a cocoon yet.

Question 63

What similarities exist between the hydra's sexual reproduction and the earthworm's? What are the differences?

Answer 63

The earthworm is hermaphroditic and hydra can be, but the hydra can mate with itself and the earthworm can't

Question 64

What will happen to an earthworm if its cuticle gets dry?

Answer 64

it will suffocate.

Question 65

Why don't planarians need circulatory system?

Answer 65

because the intestine is so highly-branched that all cells are near it, so they can get their food directly from the intestine.

Question 66

If a flatworm has no complex nervous systems, is it most likely free-living or parasitic?

Answer 66

Parasitic

Question 67

What is the main mode of asexual reproduction in a planarian?

Answer 67

regeneration.

Question 68

Place each organism in one of the following phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes a. sea anemone b. clam c. sponge d. flatworm e. segmented worm

Answer 68

a. Cnidarian b. Mollusca c. Porifera d. Platyhelminthes e. Annelida