Module 1.1 Good Nutrition

Question 1

What is the difference between food and nutrients?

Answer 1

Food provides energy in terms of calories, while nutrients are substances found in food that provide the materials for building and maintaining our bodies and regulating of key metabolic processes that sustain life.

Question 2

What are the 5 dimensions of health?

Answer 2

1. Physical health - body’s ability to perform daily functions for survival
2. Intellectual health - the cognitive ability to learn and adapt
3. Emotional health - the ability to express or suppress emotion
4. Social health - ability to interact with others
5. Spiritual heath - purpose for human existence, cultural practices

Question 3

What is Nutrition?

Answer 3

The science that links food to health and disease.

Question 4

Why is it important to understand the science of nutrition?

Answer 4

Because it provides the info consumers need to make wise food choices based on their age and lifestyle.

By properly evaluating the optimal daily amounts of nutrients required,

Question 5

What are the two most important reasons that impact people’s choice of foods?

Answer 5

Taste and Texture

Question 6

What are the two drives that influence our desire to eat?

Answer 6

Hunger and Appetite

Question 7

What is the difference between Hunger and Appetite?

Answer 7

Hunger is the internal drive often experienced as a negative sensation such as churning, growling, or a painful sensation in the stomach.

Appetite is the external drive often related to pleasant sensations associated with food and can lead us to eat even if we are not hungry.

Question 8

What is satiety and what part of the brain plays a role in this?

Answer 8

The feeling of being full.
The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that plays a role in hunger as well the feeling of being full.

Question 9

What does the drop or rise of nutrients in the blood signal?

Answer 9

When nutrients in the blood drop, the feeding center in the hypothalamus is stimulated, which then signals us to eat. (Hunger)

When nutrient levels in the blood begin to rise, the satiety center is activated, and our desire to continue eating declines. (Satiety)

Question 10

What are the internal forces that impact why we get hungry?

Answer 10

1. The hypothalamus
2. The gastrointestinal tract
3. The stomach
4. Hormones

Question 11

What role does the hypothalamus play?

Answer 11

It plays a role in hunger as well as the feeling of being full.

Question 12

What role does the gastrointestinal (GI) tract serve?

Answer 12

1. It is the main site in the body used for digestion and absorption of nutrients.
2. It lso contributes to the feeling of satiety.
3. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Question 13

What role does the stomach play?

Answer 13

The stomach plays a major role in satiety and weight regulation.

Question 14

What role do hormones play in hunger and appetite?

Answer 14

Hormones are compounds secreted into the bloodstream by one type of cell that acts to control the function of another type of cell.

Question 15

What are the hormones related to hunger and satiety?

Answer 15

Hormones that increase hunger – ghrelin, endorphins, neuropeptide-Y
Hormones that decrease hunger (cause satiety) – leptin, serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 16

What are the two key hormones in the process of hunger and satiety?

Answer 16

Ghrelin is produced by the stomach and has an opposing role: Traveling to the brain, it stimulates the hunger center as it deactivates the satiety center. (Increases hunger)

Leptin alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when consuming a meal. Leptin production occurs in adipose (fat) cells. (decreases hunger)

Question 17

What does it mean when leptin is at higher levels or remains elevated for a period of time?

Answer 17

A higher level of leptin makes the satiety center insensitive which will ultimately cause people to gain weight.
If there is an imbalance of your leptin levels, you are not able to feel full which will make you eat until you are.

Question 18

What does Appetite mean?

Answer 18

Psychological external influences that encourage us to find food and consume it.

Question 19

What are the four types of external forces that influence our eating habits?

Answer 19

1. Sensory - taste, smell, texture, color,, moisture, temperature
2. Cognitive - habits, comfort foods,
   advertising, social factors, & nutritional value
3. Environmental - Economics, lifestyle, cultural/religious beliefs, environment
4. Health Status - physical restrictions related to disease, declining taste sensitivity related to age or medications, & age and gender