MODULE 1.2 Flashcards
(53 cards)
______ are known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and their desire for great things. They are not contented with the basic things that life can offer. This desire pushed them to develop many things connected with science and technology.
Sumerians
One of the earliest system of writings. It is a system that utilizes word, pictures, and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and then left to dry.
Cuneiform
It is a great wonder not only because it is considered to be the first true city in the world but also for the way it is erected. Sumerians were able to build city using only mud or clay from the river, which they mixed with reeds, producing sun – baked bricks – a true engineering feat.
Uruk City
The ______, also called the mountains of gods, was built in the same manner that they constructed the City of Uruk. It also served as the sacred place of their chief god, where only their priests were allowed to enter. As such, even until today, people still enjoy and marvel at the preserved Great Ziggurat of Ur.
The Great Ziggurat of Ur
Sumerians created ______ canals to bring water to farmlands and at the same time control the flooding of the rivers. This method was considered as one of the world’s most beneficial engineering works.
Irrigation and Dikes
The first _____ were not made for transportation but for farm work and food processes. With the use of wheel and axle, mass production was made easier. Farmers were able to mill grains with less effort in less time.
Wheel
They made _____ with the same technology they used in making the sun – baked bricks that they laid down on the ground. They later poured bitumen, a black sticky substance similar to asphalt, to smoothen the _____. The invention of _____ was very useful especially during rainy season when traveling in soft and muddy roads proved to be too difficult
roads
_______ was invented to dig the earth in a faster pace. As the plow breaks the ground, the farmer would just drop the seeds and farm work would already be done. With this tool, farmers could cultivate larger parcels of land faster, enabling them to mass produce food without taking so much effort and time.
The plow
The invention of roads was very useful especially during ____ season when traveling in soft and muddy roads proved to be too difficult
rainy
___________ emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The ________ were great builders, engineers and architects. One of their major constructions is the hanging gardens of Babylon, one the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Babylonian civilization
One of the Babylonian civilization major constructions is the _______, one the seven wonders of the ancient world.
hanging gardens of Babylon,
Another early civilization famous for its legacy is the _______ located in the North Africa. Many stories tell about the engineering feats of the _____ especially regarding the infrastructures established by the pharaohs. Aside from engineering technology, they have contributed other practical things that world now considers as essential. It is thus safe to say that the pyramids are not the only contributions of it to the modern world.
Egyptian Civilization
The __________may be considered as one the greatest engineering and architectural achievements of the world that is almost impossible to replicate.
Hanging Garden of Babylon
Egyptian invention of the paper or ______ was a welcome development. _____ was a plant that grew abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt. They were able to process the plant in order to produce thin sheets on which one could write down things.
papyrus
Egyptian invented ____ by combining soot with different chemicals to produce inks of different colors. The ____ must withstand the elements of nature since it was used to record history, culture and codified laws. It must be tamper – proof so that people could not simply tinker with those written down by authorities.
ink
_____ was lighter and thinner than clay tablets, it was easy to carry and store. The sheets were also less breakable as compared to clay tablets.
Sine papyrus
This form of writing can still be seen today and remains to be as famous as the pyramids where they found. This was the language that tells the modern world of the history and culture since they were carved at the walls of the pyramids and other important Egyptian structure.
Hieroglyphics
________ is an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe. Known as the birthplace of western philosophy, some of the major achievement of the Greeks include in – depth works on philosophy and mathematics.
Greece
The Egyptians also invented the use of ______. Egyptians also believed that a person wearing make – up was protected from evil and that beauty was a sign of holiness. At present, the cosmetic industry is a booming multibillion industry.
cosmetics
Egyptians wore ____ around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases. ____ was created by mixing soot or malachite with mineral galena.
Kohl
This device utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other. The amount of water (or height, depending on the method used) remaining in the device determines how much time has elapsed since it is full. In the process, time is measured. It was widely used as a timekeeping device during the ancient times.
Water Clock/Clepsydra
During Egyptian times, ____ were worn for health and wellness rather for aesthetic purposes. The ____ were used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptian from the harmful rays of the sun. Wearing this was better than putting a scarf or any other head cover since a wig allowed heat to escape.
wigs
The ancient Greek’s _____ used large complicated mechanisms to time the alarm. They made use of water (or sometimes small stones or sand) that dropped into drums which sounded the alarm. Plato was believed to have utilized this to signal the start of his lecture. His version used four water vessels lined up vertically.
alarm clock
They were commonly used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which was a necessary form of food processing during that time. Because milling was made possible by the use of ____, the production of rice, cereals, flours and the like became common.
Watermills
