Module 12

Question 1

The H shape of the spinal cord picture is what?

Answer 1

Gray Matter.

Question 2

Function of the Posterior(dorsal) Horn?

Anterior (Ventral) Horn?

Answer 2

posterior- process sensory information.

anterior- contains cell bodies of alpha motor nuerons controlling muscles.

Question 3

Filum Terminale-

Answer 3

where the spinal cord tapers to a point at its end. (terminal thread)

Question 4

Meninges-

Answer 4

the central nervous system is enclosed in a three layered bag called the meninges

Question 5

Dura Mater-

arachnoid mater-

Answer 5

dura mater- the outermost of the meninges layer. covering of the spinal cord
arachnoid mater- mater between the spinal cord and the dura mater.

Question 6

Where does the adult spinal cord extend to and from?

Answer 6

from the foramen magnum to about L1 or L2.

foramen magnum- large hole in the bottom of the skull

Question 7

Cauda Equina-

Answer 7

where the spinal cord ends in a bundle of nerves. The cauda equina floats in a bag of CSF

Question 8

Lumbar Puncture-

Answer 8

also called a Spinal Tap, when a needle is introduced into the vertebral column, nerve roots float out of the way, and we can sample the CSF.

Question 9

Spinal cord at different levels.

Answer 9

size and shape of the spinal cord changes from superior to inferior, Cervical is largest; Sacral is smallest. less and less mater as we descend. meaning less sensory and motor tracts as we descend.

Question 10

White matter outside, gray matter inside

Answer 10

Spinal cord

Question 11

white matter inside, gray matter outside

Answer 11

brain

Question 12

cell bodies-

axons-

Answer 12

cell bodies- gray matter

axons- white matter.

Question 13

Dorsal Root ganglion-

Answer 13

a nodule on the dorsal root Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons.

Question 14

Dorsal root-

Answer 14

main bundle of nerve fibers that carry signals of sensation from PNS to the CNS.

Question 15

Ventral (anterior) horn-

Answer 15

holds cell bodies of alpha MOTOR neurons.

Question 16

Ventral (anterior) root.-

Answer 16

myelinated axons bundled together as they leave spinal cord. carries info from the CNS to the PNS

Question 17

Spinal Nerve

Answer 17

formed by the dorsal and the ventral roots joined up. is an Example of a mixed nerve- contains both incoming sensory info and outgoing motor info.

Question 18

Mixed nerve-

Answer 18

contains both incoming sensory information and outgoing motor information. (spinal Nerve)

Question 19

Nerve-

Answer 19

a bundle of sensory and or motor axons all traveling together

Question 20

Lateral Horn-

Answer 20

These cell bodies form the lateral horn of the spinal- halfway between the dorsal and ventral horns. also known as the Intermediate OR INTERMEDIOLATERAL HORN.

Question 21

Ramus-

Answer 21

nerves connecting spinal nerve to sympathetic ganglion

Question 22

Plexus-

Answer 22

interconnected nerves that combine and split and recombine lateral to the spinal cord. APPEAR TO BE BRAIDED together. axons swap and rejoin in diff combos.

Question 23

Tract- or nerves.
Cns- tract
pns- nerves

Answer 23

Axons in spinal cord all traveling from the same place to the same place.

Question 24

Ganglion-

nucleus-

Answer 24

ganglion- group of nerve cell bodies in the pns

nucleus- group of nerve cell bodies in the cns

Question 25

sympathetic ganglion-

Answer 25

containing the cell bodies of the sympathetic neurons which will travel out the other ramus and then to the organs to be innervated. ONLY FOUND AT THE THORACIC LEVELS/

Question 26

There are Four Diff plexus structures associated with the spinal cord what are the names?

Answer 26

Cervical Plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, scral plexus.

Question 27

Cervical Plexus-

Answer 27

in the neck, receives nerves from the C1 to C5.

Most important nerve in the cervical plexus is the PHRENIC NERVE- innervates the diaphragm and makes breathign possible.

Question 28

Phrenic Nerve

Answer 28

PHRENIC NERVE- innervates the diaphragm and makes breathign possible. LOCATED IN THE CERVICAL Plexus. “C3,4,5 keeps the Diaphragm alive.

Question 29

Brachial Plexus

Answer 29

receives contributions from C5-C8 and T1. Major nerves include the Radial Nerve, Median Nerve, and Ulnar Nerve.

Question 30

Radial Nerve-

Median Nerve-

Ulnar Nerve-

Answer 30

radial- Innervates the tub and nearby structures.
Median Nerve- middle finger
Ulnar Nerve- Little finger.

• fight over the index and ring fingers
• located in the Brachial Plexus

Question 31

Lumbar Plexus-

Answer 31

Associated with the lumbar spinal cord. Roots L1- L5 innervates the upper thigh

Question 32

Sacral Plexus

Answer 32

Receives contributions from the L4-L5 and S1-S5 Contains the Sciatic Nerve.

Question 33

Sciatic Nerve-

Sciatica-

Answer 33

Found in the Scral Plexus….. Largest in the body. almost every axon innervating muscles in the leg and almost all sensory info from the leg is carried by the sciatic nerve.

• sciatica- painful inflammation or compression of this nerve is called this.

Question 34

Autonomic or Visceral Nervous system-

Answer 34

with out thinking or automatic nervous system

Question 35

Sympathetic Nervous System-

Answer 35

Fight or flight response.

Question 36

Preganglionic neuron pathway-

Postganglionic nueron pathway-

Answer 36

preganglionic- CNS to a ganglion

postganglionic- ganglion to an organ innervated.

Question 37

Preganglionic-

Answer 37

cns to ganglion. cell bodies found in thoracic levels of the spinal cord. they pass through Rami and make synaptic contact using neurotransmitter acetylcholine onto postganglionic neurons located in the Sympathetic trunk ganglion.

Question 38

Postganglionic nuerons-

Answer 38

release norepinephrine onto the effector organs. located in the sympathetic chain ganglia.