Module 12 Practice

Question 1

What is Industry 4.0? List and describe the nine pillars of Industry 4.0

Answer 1

• Industry 4.0 is considered the 4th industrial revolution which is characterized by increased automation, employment of smart machines, and smart factories. Flexibility is improved to better meed customer demands through mass customization. Collecting more data from the factory floor can helps a smart factory achieve information transparency and make better decisions.

9 Pillars
- Cybersecurity
- Augmented Virtual Reality
- Big Data
- Autonomous Robots
- Additive Manufacturing
- Simulation
- System Integration
- Cloud Computing
- Internet of Things (IoT)

Question 2

What is Internet of Things and how does it apply to EVs?

Answer 2

• network of interrelated devices that connect and exchange data with other IoT devices in the cloud.

In EVs:
- Real time DAQ of driving and functional data (SOC level, accel/decel data)
- Predictive Maintenance - Monitor vehicle systems and predictively suggest maintenance interval (enable large-model prediction of fleet failures.
- Smart Charging/Energy Management: Optimize energy consumption on vehicle level and city/grid level.
- Fleet Management - Real time tracking, route optimization, diagnostics and interplay w maps
- Remote Monitoring and Control - Allow security operations, remote diagnosis, dispatch and monitoring, etc

Question 3

What is a Digital Twin?

Answer 3

• complete digital copy of a product (ev in this scenario)
• All produced parts of the EV have a digital twin that lives with the part, post production
• parameters of the digital twin match the specific model/make of the EV or EV part
• used in the concept of battery passport to promote lifecycle circularity, but also used in modelling for predictive applications.

Question 4

List and explain three sample hardware-level design choices that one might need to consider when designing an IoT-enabled sensor or system.

Answer 4

• uC vs uP vs SOC
• We expect connectivity features to be prominent in implementation set. Maybe use a low cost MCU as a backplane?
• 32 but MCU - limited pin and protocol availability
• 8 bit MCU = protocol and pin rich, but slow
• Integrated protocol stack vs software enabled
• Power requirements - deep sleep, micro-power, energy harvesting, etc

Question 5

List and explain four use-cases for Augmented Reality technologies in EV manufacturing.

Answer 5

• minimize human error in assembly
• assist in design steps
• assist in repair/recovery steps
• perform line-level monitoring

Question 6

What is a Smart Grid and how does the Industry 4.0 pillar of Systems Integration interact with one?

Answer 6

Smart Grid
- advanced electrical grid system that uses digital technology and communication networks to monitor and control electricity generation, transmission and distribution more efficiently.
- incorporates sensors and data analytics to automate/control flow of electricity

Systems Integration
- creating seamless interoperability between various systems and components, allowing different devices, sensors, and software systems within the smart grid to communicate and work together effectively.
this helps to:
- optimize electricity flow
- enable seamless data integration
- enhance grid resilience
- incorporate renewable energy sources

Question 7

List and explain three sample use-cases of the Industry 4.0 pillar ‘Big Data’ as applied to EV production, operation, maintenance, etc.

Answer 7

Digital Twin

• Predictive Maintenance: manufacturers collect and analyze data from various sensors to predict potential failures before they occur.
• Battery Life Optimization: gather info on charging habits, discharge cycles, temperature variation and driving behaviours that affect battery degradation
• Production Process Optimization: analyze production line data, identifying bottlenecks, QC issues and supply chain delays.