Module 1.2 Sex & Gender

Question 1

Oil Paintings

Answer 1

Snapshots of history; provides history of power relations of Europe

Question 2

Hard Power

Answer 2

was exercised in Europe by winning wars, conquering lands, and colonizing bodies; violence and force

Question 3

Soft Power

Answer 3

was employed to colonize the hearts and minds of savages/barbarians that were conquered

Question 4

Marxist Cultural Critique

Answer 4

(Berger and Kellner) Sex and violence sells in Western Culture but disparities between rich vs poor are avoided

Question 5

Nude

Answer 5

for viewers; the male gaze; in oil paintings men are covered while women are put on display

Question 6

Naked

Answer 6

for oneself

Question 7

The Male Gaze

Answer 7

women are meant to be looked at like merchandise while men are to be doing the looking.

Question 8

Significance of Oil Paintings

Answer 8

taught Europeans how to see the world; portrayed masculine vs feminine; rich vs poor; white vs non-white

Question 9

Gender binaries

Answer 9

factor of patriachry

Question 10

Class binaries

Answer 10

factor of capitalism

Question 11

Race binaries

Answer 11

factor of colonialism

Question 12

Possessions of People

Answer 12

Males owned their body and females were sold for theirs; children and women were belongings to men

Question 13

Pre-modern Patriarchal Culture

Answer 13

men owned women and children; capitalism gave rise to material possessions which were just as important as possessing a female

Question 14

Nostalgia & “Traditional Values”

Answer 14

Berger: “There were no good old days” and that decline in moral value due to pop culture is false as naked women (oil paintings) sell for as much as box office hits.

Question 15

Cultural Studies (Kellner)

Answer 15

multidisciplinary field that studies culture and society

Question 16

Cultural Studies Methodology

Answer 16

aims to make people sensitive to how relations of power and domination are ‘encoded’ in media texts; resist and produce own critical texts

Question 17

Cultural Pedagogy

Answer 17

a theoretical model that focuses on multiple aspects of student achievement and supports students to uphold their cultural identities.

Question 18

Audience Participation

Answer 18

exposure to ideology of gender/race/class/sexuality/etc. in using media and actively gives the messages meaning

Question 19

Critical Media Literacy

Answer 19

critiquing media and its message

Question 20

Dominant Readings

Answer 20

those in which audiences appropriate texts in line with interests of dominant culture and ideological intentions of text

Question 21

Oppositional Readings

Answer 21

celebrates resistance from dominant ideology

Question 22

Reductionism

Answer 22

reduce a text because of personal disinterest or dislike

Question 23

Romanticization

Answer 23

looking at a text through rose-colored glasses

Question 24

Kellner’s Three Tools of Critical Media Literacy

Answer 24

1. Analysis of Production and Political Economy
2. Text Analysis (Content Analysis)
3. Audience Response (Reception Analysis)

Question 25

Analysis of Production and Political Economy

Answer 25

Hyper-consumerism; looks at system of production which determines what sort of artifacts will be produced and to what limits can or cannot be shown to audiences and effect them

Question 26

Text/Content Analysis

Answer 26

asks to analyze how various elements of text/artifacts work to express meaning; central meanings, values, symbols and style, verbal imagery, POV, etc.

Question 27

Audience Response

Answer 27

Each audience member is unique and can have a different reaction to pop culture/media

Question 28

Audience Reception Studies

Answer 28

studies how audience respond to media texts, how they create meaning from media texts, and how it shapes their beliefs and behaviors