Module 15 Flashcards by kristen linford

What is the most frequent reason for obtaining x-rays

Caries Detection

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Dental Caries or ____ ____ is the _____ destruction of teeth by microorganisms

tooth decay

localized

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The term caries means “_____” and is referred to as a ____ or a “_____” in dentistry

rottenness
cavity/cavitation
hole

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Careful _______ and _____ are needed in order to detect dental caries

clinical exam

interpretation of x-rays

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Occlusal surfaces may show _____ staining in pits and fissures or may show ______ clinically

dark

obvious cavitation

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Smooth surfaces may exhibit a ______ spot or ____ indicating demineralization

chalky/white

opacity

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Dental images are useful in the detection of caries because of?

The nature of the disease process

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Biofilm produces ____ which in turn demineralize the _____ surfaces.

acids

enamel, dentin, pulp, etc.

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You need about __ to __% loss of calcium and phosphorus before the decrease in density can be seen on an x-ray

40-50

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What two processes result in loss of density

demineralization

destruction

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Decreased density allows _____ penetration of x-rays

greater

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Carious lesions appear _____ on images due to the decrease in density

radiolucent

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What image is the best for evaluating caries

BWX

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Proper ____ and ____ techniques are essential in the interpretation of dental images

mounting

viewing

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Mounted films should be viewed in a room with _______ lighting and is free of _____

subdued

distractions

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Digital images may be _____ to view presence or absence of caries

enlarged

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All dental images should be viewed???

In the presence of the patient

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Errors in _____ or _______ can result in non-diagnostic images

technique

exposure

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Johnson & Thomson suggest that a kVp of _____ is best for diagnosing caries.
However, others believe you may need ____ to ___ kVp to catch lesions as soon as possible due to not all lesions being on enamel.

70 or less

75-100 (high kVp = low contrast = GOOD)

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Radiographs may _______ the size of the carious lesion.

underestimate

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The location of the lesion may ____ on each other, or over the ______ thus exaggerating the caries

superimpose

pulp

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What PID angulation can distort the existence/location of a lesion

horizontal and vertical

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On a radiograph, interproximal caries is typically seen where?

at or below the contact point

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As the caries progresses inward through the enamel and interproximal caries takes on the shape of?

Triangle

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As an interproximal carious lesion reaches the DEJ it spreads _____ and continues into the ____ forming another ____ shape

laterally dentin triangle

Incipient Interproximal Caries extends ___ way through the thickness of the _____.

<1/2 | enamel

Moderate Interproximal Caries extends ____ way through the thickness of ___but doesn't not involve the ____

>1/2 enamel DEJ

Advanced Interproximal Caries extends to or through the ____ and into ______ but does not extend through dentin more than _____ way toward the pulp

DEJ dentin 1/2

Class I and II lesions affect what?

enamel

Class III and IV lesions affect what?

enamel and dentin

Severe Interproximal Caries extends through _____, ____ and ______ the distance toward the pulp

enamel dentin >1/2

A severe interproximal carious lesion can be seen ______ as a _______ in the tooth

clinically | cavitation

What is the method of choice for detecting occlusal carries?

Clinically

Because of the superimposition of the ____ and ______ cusps, early occlusal caries is difficult to see on a radiograph

buccal | lingual

Occlusal caries is not seen on a dental image until?

it involves the DEJ

What type of occlusal caries cannot be seen on a radiograph and needs to be detected clinically

Incipient

Moderate occlusal caries extends into ____ and appears as a ______ radiolucent line

dentin | very thin

Severe occlusal caries extends into __ and appears as a ____ radiolucency

dentin | large

What type of occlusal caries can be seen clinically as a cavitation in the tooth

Severe

What type of Carious Lesions are hard to detect due to the superimposition f the densities of normal tooth structure

buccal/lingual

buccal/lingual caries is seen as a _____ on a radiograph

small circle

Root surface caries involves the ___ and __ located just below the ___ region of the tooth

cementum dentin cervical

_____ and _____ precede the caries process in root surface carious lesions

recession | bone loss

The most common locations for Root Surface Caries

MN premolar and molar regions

Root Surface Caries appears as ___ radiolucency just below the _____

cupped-out/crater-shaped | CEJ

Another name for Recurrent Caries is?

Secondary

Recurrent caries is due to inadequate__, defective _____, or incomplete _____.

cavity prep margins removal of caries

Recurrent caries occurs most often beneath the ____ margins of a restoration

interproximal

The term rampant means "______"

growing or spreading unckecked

Rampant caries is __ and ___ caries that affects numerous teeth

advanced | severe

Rampant caries is usually seen in children with _____ or adults with _____

poor diet | decreased salivary flow

What condition is an "optical illusion" that looks like a lesion but is a normal configuration of the CEJ

Cervical Burnout

How can you tell the difference between cervical burnout and a lesion

Cervical burnout has a demarcated border (can still see the outer border of tooth structure) Caries doesn't have a border

The occlusal surfaces may have a "lucent" look with what condition?

Attrition (grinding/clenching)

What condition can be seen as bands of radiolucency at the cervical region of the teeth

Abrasion (tooth brushing)

What type of restorative materials can be mistaken for caries?

acrylic sillicate composite

What clues can help you differentiate between a restoration and a carious lesion

``` comparing previous films cement bases (opaque border) well defined borders with restorations ```

Indirect pulp caping appears as a ___ area under a metallic restoration which can be mistaken for what?

radiolucent | recurrent decay

What clue can help determine the difference between recurrent decay and an indirect pulp cap

A opaque line above the pulp area (the sedative base)

When a carious lesion extends to the pulp it is termed a ______

pulpal exposure

If the vertical angulation is incorrect a small carious lesion can be?

obliterated | superimposed on tooth/bone structure

If horizontal angulation is wrong, the interporximal surfaces become ______ and caries detection is _____

overlapped | lost

If bone level is normal, caries will not occur at the ____ so it may just be ______ not a carious lesion

CEJ | cervical burnout

What kind of lesion is a slowly progressing, chronic one..

cemental lesions

Cemental lesions involve the __ and __ of a tooth

cementum | dentin

Cemental lesions are best described as a "_____" of the root surface

scooping

What should be charted on the dental chart and recorded in the tx record

"questionable areas" | recommendations for tx/referral to general dentist/specialist