Module 15

Question 1

Newborn

Answer 1

Arrives with automatic reflex responses that support survival
Ex: Sucking, tonguing, swallowing, and breathing

Question 2

Newborn

Answer 2

Cries to elicit help and comfort

Question 3

Newborn

Answer 3

Searches for sights and sounds linked to other humans, especially mother

Question 4

Brain cells

Answer 4

Are sculpted by heredity and experience

Question 5

Birth

Answer 5

Neuronal growth spurt and synaptic pruning

Question 6

3-6 Months

Answer 6

Rapid frontal lobe growth and continued growth into adolescence

Question 7

Early Childhood

Answer 7

Critical period for some skills

Ex: Langauge and vision

Question 8

Throughout Life

Answer 8

Learning changes brain tissue

Question 9

Brain Maturation & Infant Memory

Answer 9

Infants are capable of learning and remembering. Infantile amnesia many reflect conscious memory

Question 10

Motor Skills

Answer 10

Develop as nervous system and muscles mature and are guided by genes and influenced by environment.

Question 11

25% walk by

Answer 11

11 Months

Question 12

50% walk by

Answer 12

12 Months

Question 13

90% walk by

Answer 13

15 Months

Question 14

Piaget

Answer 14

Mind develops through series of universal, irreversible stages from simple reflexes to adult abstract reasoning.

Question 15

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 15

Birth to nearly 2 years

Question 16

Tools for thinking and reasoning change with development

Answer 16

Adaptation, Assimilation, Accommodation

Question 17

Preoperational Stage

Answer 17

About 2 to 7 years, child learns to use language but cannot perform concrete logic

Question 18

Conservation

Answer 18

Principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in shape

Question 19

Theory of Mind

Answer 19

Involves ability to read mental state of others

Question 20

Concrete Operational

Answer 20

(7 to 11 years
Children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about events
Begin to understand change in from before change in quantity, and simple math

Question 21

Formal Operational

Answer 21

(12 through Adulthood)
Children are no longer limited to concrete reasoning based on actual experience
Able to think abstractly

Question 22

Vygotsky and the Social Child

Answer 22

Children’s minds grow through interaction with the physical environment, age 7 children are able to think and solve problems with words

Question 23

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 23

Impaired theory of mind, social deficiencies, and repetitive behaviors

Question 24

ASD

Answer 24

Underlying cause of ASD are attributed to poor communication among brain regions that facilitate theory of mind skills and genetic influences.
Reading faces and social signals is challenging

Question 25

ASD

Answer 25

Has differing levels of severity

Question 26

Infant Attachment

Answer 26

Emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver, shows distress on separation.

Question 27

Stranger Anxiety

Answer 27

Fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

Question 28

Critical Period

Answer 28

Optimal period early in the live of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

Question 29

Imprinting

Answer 29

Process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

Question 30

Secure Attachment

Answer 30

Shown by 60% of infants In their mothers presence, they are comfortable, when she leaves they become upset, when she returns, they seek contact with her

Question 31

Insecure Attachment

Answer 31

Infants avoid attachment or show insecure attachment, avoidance of trusting relationship, less likely to explore their mother, when she leaves they might cry loudly and remain upset

Question 32

Avoidantly Attached

Answer 32

Do not notice or care about mothers departure or return

Question 33

Self Concept

Answer 33

An understanding and evaluation of who were are, emerges gradually

Question 34

6 Months

Answer 34

Self-awareness begins with self-recognition in mirror (darwin)

Question 35

15-18 Months

Answer 35

Schema of how face should look apparent

Question 36

School Age

Answer 36

More detailed descriptions of gender

Question 37

8-10 years

Answer 37

Self-image stable by 8-10 years

Question 38

Parenting styles reflect varying degrees of control

Answer 38

Baumrind

Question 39

Authoritative Parents

Answer 39

Tend to have children with the highest self-esteem, self-reliance, and social competence

Question 40

Permissive Parents

Answer 40

Tend to have children who are more aggressive and immature

Question 41

Authoritarian Parents

Answer 41

Tend to have children with less social skills and self-esteem

Question 42

Culture

Answer 42

Cultural values vary from place to place and from one time to another within the same place