Module 2 Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
True or false. Males have higher percentage of adipose tissues than women
A
False .
Male 15-20%
Female 20-25%
2
Q
True or false. In all cells, the stroma is made up of connective tissues
A
False.. Brain and spinal cord are not
3
Q
True or false. Everything that enters and leaves the body must pass through epithelial sheet.
A
True. Epithelium lines internal and external cavities of the body
4
Q
The region of the cell that faces the connective tissue is called the
A
Basal pole.
The opposite is the apical pole ( faces space)
5
Q
True or false. All epithelial cells are followed by a basement membrane
A
True
6
Q
Basal lamina is made up of type _____ collagen
A
IV
7
Q
Reticular fibers are made up of type ____ collagen
A
III
8
Q
This cartilage is an intermediate between hyaline and dense connective tissue
A
Fibrocartilage
10
Q
Basement membrane is thinner than basal lamina
A
False. Basement membrane is composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina, therefore thicker
12
Q
Sites of adhesion A. Occluding junction B. anchoring junction C. Gap junction D. Adhesive junction E. two of the above
A
E. anchoring junction is also the adhesive junction
13
Q
cytoskeletal feature at the apical pole in many epithelial cells with a role in cytoplasmic motility and other functions
A
Terminal web
15
Q
Seals to prevent the flow of materials between the cells A. Occluding junction B. adhesion junction C. Gap junction D. Adhesive junctio
A
A
16
Q
Most apical of the junction A. Zonula occludens B. zonula adherens. C. Macula adherens D. Desmosomes
A
A
17
Q
Serve to stabilize and strengthen the circular bands around the cells and help hold the layer of cells together A. Tight junction . B. adhesive junction C. Gap junction D. Basal lamina
A
B
18
Q
transmembrane proteins which make tight contact across the intercellular space, creating a seal
A
Claudin
19
Q
True or false. Zonula occludens only forms a seal on one side of the epithelium
A
False
20
Q
help prevent the integral membrane proteins of the apical surface from being transferred to the basolateral surface A. Zonula occludens B. zonula adherens C. Macula adherens D. Desmosomes
A
A
21
Q
Adhesion is mediated by transmembrane glycoproteins
A
Cadherins
22
Q
this junctional type resembles a single “spot-weld” and does not form a belt around the cell
A
Desmosome or macula adherens
23
Q
Zonula adherens: actin filaments = Macula adherens : ______
A
Intermediate filament
24
Q
True or false. Mucous secretory glands stain more intensely than serous glands
A
False
25
Q
True or false. Every cartilage has perichondrium
A
False.. Fibrocartilage has no perichondrium
26
Q
Cadherins need what ion to function.
A
Calcium ions
28
Q
specialized form of connective tissue in which the firm consistency of the ECM allows the tissue to bear mechanical stresses without permanent distortion
A
Cartilage
29
Binds periosteum to bone
Sharpey's fiber / perforAting fiber
30
True or false. Stereocilla are longer than microvilli?
True..
| Flagella > cilia> stereo cilia > microvilli
33
```
Color of brown adipose tissue is due to
A. Increase mitochondria
B. increase Golgi apparatus
C. Increase rough ER
D. Increase nucleus
```
A
34
Basal bodies has a structure similar to what organelle
Centriole
35
Micro villi are found in the
A. Basal pole
B. apical pole
C. Lateral membrane
B. facing the space
36
Stain to see fat cells
Osmium tetroxide
37
True or false. Fresh cartilage have bluish color
False.
Hyaline - bluish
Elastic - yellow
38
Monocyte like bone cells
Osteoclasts
39
Arrange the ff steps in intramembranous ossification
1 osteoid undergoes calcification
2 lamellar bone replaces woven bone
3 ossification center formed within thickened regions of mesenchyme
4 woven bone and surrounding periosteum form
3 142
40
Describe the arrangement of the cilia
10 pairs of axomene
41
True or false. Endosteum is thinner than periosteum
True
42
In heavy cigarette smokers, the ciliated pseudo-stratified epithelium lining the bronchi can be transformed into ______
stratified squamous epithelium
43
Types of covering epithelia
1. Lining of trachea
2. Lining of small intestine
3. covering of the ovary
4. Epidermis
5. Lining of blood vessels
6. Developing ovarian follicle
7. Mouth
8. Sweat gland
9. Conjunctiva
10. Lining of Gallbladder
11. Bladder
12. Lining of the passages of upper respiratory tract
1. Pseudo stratified epitheliun
2. Simple columnar
3. Simple cuboidal
4. Keratinized stratified squamous
5. Simple squamous
6. Stratified cuboidal
7. Non keratinized strAtified squamous m
8. Stratified cuboidal
9. Stratified columnar
10. Simple squamous
11. Transitional
12. Pseudo stratified columnar
44
Primary bone: woven bone = secondary bone : _________
Lamellar bone
45
this layer of connective tissue lines the internal cavity of organs
Lamina propia
48
Neurotransmitter to stimulate the breakdown of fat
Norepinephrine ( beta 3 receptor)
49
```
Mast cells promote ________ type of allergic reaction.
A. Delayed
B. Immediate
C. Severe
D. Common
```
B
50
True or false. All hyaline cartilage is covered by a layer of dense connective tissue
False, articulate joint is not
51
True or False. Osteoclasts have receptor for parathyroid hormone
False. Osteoclasts have receptors for calcitonin, thyroid hormone.
Osteoblasts activity is stimulated by parathyroid hormone
52
True or false. Fibrocartilage has more type I collagen than type II
True.
| Elastin and hyaline more type II
54
```
Co factor in the formation of prolyl hydroxylases and Lysyl hydroxylases except
A. Oxygen
B. Vitamin C
C. Ferrous ion
D. Manganese
```
D
55
True or false. Chrondrocytes are usually found in the center while chondroblast are found it the periphery.
True
58
Growth of cartilage postnatally, is mainly
A. Interstitial growth
B. Apositional growth
C. Both of them
B
59
First visible step in calcification
Formation of hydroxyapatite
63
Osteogenesis wherein the matrix of preexisting hyaline cartilage is eroded and replaced by osteoblasts producing osteoid
Endochondral ossification
65
Sequence of intramembranous ossification
a. Groups of mesenchymal cells in a "membrane" or sheet of this embryonic tissue, round up and differentiate as osteoblasts producing osteoid.
B. Cells trapped in the calcifying matrix differentiate as osteocytes. c. Woven bone is produced in this manner, with vascularized internal spaces that will form the marrow cavity and surrounded on both sides by developing periosteum.
d. Remodeling of the woven bone produces the two layers of compact lamellar bone with cancellous bone in between, which is characteristic of these flat bones
A cd
66
Joints classified as ________ permit free bone movement
diarthroses
67
True or false. Insulin promote triglyceride breakdown
False.
68
Ear is a ________ cartilage
Elastic
69
Fibroblast : active cell = fibrocyte : _______
Quiescent cell
70
True or false. Elastin fibers are thinner than collagen fibers.
True
71
```
Main cell type involved in repair
A. Fibroblast
B. cartilage
C. Bone
D. Fat cells
```
A. Fibroblast
72
```
Where are dendritic cells located?
A. Blood
B. Lymph nodes
C. Colon
D. Tissues
```
B
73
True or false. Osteoblasts activity is inhibited by parathyroid hormone
False. Stimulated
74
True or false. Reticular fibers are made up of collagen
True
75
Most abundant protein in the body
Collagen
76
True or false. Langerhans cells are examples of macrophage.
True
77
Embryonic origin of connective tissues
Mesenchymal cells
78
Principal cells of connective tissues
Fibroblast
79
This cell has a cartwheel” or “spokewheel” appearance of nucleus
Plasma cell
80
When collagen is denatured by boiling, it yields ______
Gelatin
81
Collagen type ___ is seen in fetal membrane
V
82
______ is a local swelling caused by abnormal amounts of collagen that form in scars of the skin
Keloid
83
Optical microscopy of type ____ collagen shows thick, highly picrosirius, birefringent, non aygrophillic fibers
Type I
Type II - loose aggregates
Type 3 - thin, weakly birefringent, aygrophillic
85
```
In older adults, ______ unite the skull bones, while in children it is united by ______
A. Sutures, collagen
B. Synostoses, dense collagen tissue
C. Cartilage, joints
D. Elastic fibers, reticular fiber
```
B
86
unilocular adipocyte appears in standard microscope preparations as a thin ring of cytoplasm surrounding the empty vacuole left by the dissolved lipid droplet called
Signet ring cell
87
In individuals with chronic vitamin A deficiency, epithelial tissues of the type found in the bronchi and urinary bladder are gradually replaced by ____________
stratified squamous epithelium
88
Apical pole Specialization seen in the ff:
1. Small intestine
2. Epididymis
3. Trachea
4. Fallopian tube
5. Spermatozoa
1. Microvilli
2. Stereo cilia
3. Cilia
4.
5. Spermatozoa
98
```
The following can accelerate synthesis of sulfated GAG except
A. Growth hormone
B. Cortisone
C. Throtoxin
D. Testosterone
```
B
Accelerate - growth hormone, testosterone, thyroxin
Retard - cortisone, hydrocortisone, estradiol
100
Other name of Haversian system
Osteon
102
Other name of perforating canal
Volkmann canal
103
Most common cartilage
Hyaline
105
complex of microvilli and glycocalyx is easily seen in the light microscope is called _______
Brush or striated border
108
```
Where does gap junctions occur?
A. Basal pole
B. apical pole
C. Lateral membranes
D. Any of the above
```
C
110
Integrins are receptor sites for the extracellular macromolecules laminin and ______.
Type IV collagen
113
True or false. The number of these sealing strands or fusion sites is directly correlated with the leakiness of the epithelium
False. Inversely
120
Major constituent of connective tissue
Extra cellular matrix
134
Primary criterion for determining epithelial cell
Shape of the nucleus
