Module 2 Flashcards
(111 cards)
0
Q
What equation is used for enzyme exhibiting cooperativitiy
A. Michaelis Menten
B. Hill
C. Michaelis Menten double derived reciprocal
D. All of the above
A
B.
if ordinary, a and c
1
Q
Base on IUB system, Hexokinase is what kind of enzyme?
A
Transferase
2
Q
How to overcome competitive inhibition
A
Add more substate
5
Q
In non competitive inhibition, A, vmax increase, km increase B. no change vmax, km decrease C. No change vmax, no change km D. Vmax decrease, no change km
A
D
7
Q
True or false. After a chemical rxn, enzymes are consumed.
A
False. Enzyme catAlyzes rxn but is not consumed or PERMANENTLY altered
8
Q
True or false. Cytochrome are only found in the mitochondria
A
False.
10
Q
If rifampicin, an enzyme inducer is given concommitantly with morphine, these will happen to morphine except
A. Inc effect
B. inc metabolism
C. Inc excretion
A
A. Dec
11
Q
functions similar to those of prosthetic groups but bind in a transient, dissociable manner either to the enzyme or to a substrate
A
Cofactors
12
Q
Vitamin b needed for A. NAD B. FMN C. Coenzyme A D. Ketoacids E. one carbon metabolism
A
A. Nicotinamide B. riboflavin C. Panthotenic acid D. Thiamine E. folic acid and cobamide
13
Q
True or false. Almost all enzyme are protein
A
True.
Mostly protein
Some ribozymes ( RNA enzymes)
14
Q
The ff can increase reaction rate except A. Increase temp B. increase reactant concentration C. Increase kinetic energy D. None of the above
A
D
15
Q
How many hydrogen ion is translocated in NADH dehydrogenase
A
4
16
Q
Competitive inhibition has A. No effect on vmax, increase km B. increase vmax, no effect on km C. Decrease vmax, decrease km D, increase vmax, increase km E. no effect on vmax, no effect in km
A
A
19
Q
phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is A. Endergonic B. exergonic C. Both D. Neither
A
A. Needs energy from ATP.
20
Q
Final electron acceptor in ETC
A
Oxygen
21
Q
If Gibbs free energy is positive, it will favor
A. Substrate formation
B. product formation
A
Substrate
23
Q
How many hydrogen ion is needed to produce 1 ATP
A
4
24
Q
True or false. In noncompetitive inhibition, binding of the inhibitor affects binding of substrate
A
False. Does not affect.
25
Q
True or false. Chylomicron triacylglycerol is directly taken up by liver
A
False. Lipoprotein lipase must first act on it
26
Q
True or false. In spontaneous rxn, there is increase in entropy
A
True
29
Q
What is the prosthetic group of peroxidase
A
Protoheme
30
Q
Partial oxidation of fatty acids in the liver leads to
A
Ketone body production
31
Q
How many ATP is produced from FADH2 in TCA
A
3
33
Q
Initial electron donor in ETC
A
NADH
34
```
If reaction proceeds spontaneously with loss of free energy
A. Gibbs is negative, exergonic
B. Gibbs is positive, endergonic
C. Gibbs is negative, endergonic
D. Gibbs is positive, exergonic
```
A
35
serve as recyclable shuttles—or group transfer reagents—that transport many substrates from their point of generation to their point of utilization
Co enzymes
36
In ETC, what links the flavoproteins to cytochrome b
Ubiquinone or coenzyme Q
37
process of forming glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors
Gluconeogenesis
38
distinguished by their tight, stable incorporation into a protein’s structure by covalent or noncovalent forces
Prosthetic group
39
Where do non competitive inhibitor bind
Allosteric site
| If competitive, active site
40
True or false. Endergonic rxn does not need exergonic rxn to take place.
False. It cannot exist alone, must have energy source
41
```
In ETC the ff acts as proton pump except
A. Complex I
B. complex II
C. Complex III
D. Complex IV
```
B.
42
Uncouplers inhibit ETC by what mechanism
Create iodophores where hydrogen ions can go inside mitochondria thus reducing the electrochemical gradient for ATP synthase to occur
46
What inhibitor blocks conduction of hydrogen ion to the ATP synthase
Oligomycin
48
```
Monosaccharides are joined by
A. Phosphodiester bond
B. glycosidic bond
C. Peptide bond
D. Hydrogen bond
```
B.
phosphodiester bond for ATP
Peptide bond for amino acids
49
Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, where it is oxidatively decarboxylated to the two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA. This rxn is called
Transition rxn
50
How many ATP is produced in glycolysis
4
51
What organism utilize simple exergonic process
Autotrophs
53
```
Glucose is an example of
A. Aldehyde
B. ketone
C. Carboxylic acid
D. Alcohol
```
A.
| Fructose is a ketone
54
As you go along ETC,
A. There is an increase in electronegativity
B. There is a decrease in electronegativity
C. There is no change in electronegativity
A
55
```
In ETC, an inhibition of 1 complex will
A. Slow down ETC
B. Stop ETC
C. Hasten ETC
D. No effect
```
B
56
```
Lower Km will result to
A. Increase affinity
B. increase vmax
C. Decrease affinity
D. Decrease vmax
```
A
57
How many net ATP is produced in aerobic glycolysis
7
58
Most important carbohydrate
Glucose
59
How many ATP is produced in the NADH of TCA
15
60
```
Barbiturates is an inh. Of ETC complex ____
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
```
A. By inhibiting the transfer of Fes to Q
62
Inhibitor of complex V
Atractyloside or oligomycin
63
In complex IV, how many hydrogen ion are translocated
2
64
True or false. Enzymes are stereospecific
True.
66
In glycogen, what bond causes it to branch
1,6 bond
67
Esters of fatty acids with glycerol
Fats
| If with alcohol , wax
68
Where does glycolysis take place
Cytosol
69
```
When a chain is said to be saturated,
A. It has no double bond
B. it has 1 double bond
C. It has 2 double bonds
D. It has 1 triple bond, 1 double bond
```
A.
70
FADH2 will start at what complex in ETC
II
71
Inhibitor of glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase
Iodoacetate
72
Amphibolic metabolism is
A. Exergonic
B. endergonic
C. Both
C.
Anabolic - endergonic
Catabolic - exergonic
73
ALL carboxylases require _____ as a co-factor
Biotin
74
All the products of digestion are metabolized to a common product called
Acetyl coA
75
End product of anaerobic glycolysis
Lactic acid
76
Energy is used in gluconeogenesis
4 ATP, 2 GTP, 2 NADH
77
Each glucose molecule can produce ____ ATP
32
78
Where does ETC take place
Inner mitochondrial membrane
79
Pathway to synthesize ribose
Pentose phosphate
80
Main fuel RESERVE of the body
Triacylglycerol
81
True or false. All organ can take up free fatty acids
False. Brain and erythrocytes cannot
82
NADH is transferred from the cytosol to the mitochondria by what transported
Glycerophosphate shuttle or malate shuttle
83
Where does protein synthesis take place
Endoplasmic reticulum
84
```
Acetyl-CoA is also used as the precursor for biosynthesis of the ff except
a. long-chain fatty acids
B. steroids
C. ketone bodies
D. none of the above
```
D
85
After deamination, amino nitrogen is excreted as
Urea
86
Glycolysis is
A. Catabolism
B. anabolism
C. Amphibolism
A
87
Glycolysis in RBC will yield how many net ATP
None
89
Dec in glycogen phosphorylase would lead to
A. Inc glycogenesis
B. dec glycogenesis
A
90
```
These organs DO NOT need insulin except
A. RBC
B. brain
C. Liver
D. Muscle
E. intestinal mucosa
```
D. Muscle and adipose tissues need it
91
How many ATP is invested in glycolysis
2
92
How does pyruvate become lactate
Fermentation by lactate dehydrogenase
93
Major site of gluconeogenesis
Liver 90%, kidney 10
94
ATP is an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis
False. Activator along fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
95
Rate limiting step in gluconeogenesis
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6 phosphate
96
Enolase is inhibited by
Fluoride
97
Where does PEP carboxylase get GTP
Beta oxidation of fatty acid
98
True or false Increase breakdown of fat would signal gluconeogenesis
True
99
Muscle does NOT contribute to blood glucose
True. It has no G6P
100
Endoplasmic reticulum
Where is glucose 6 phosphate converted to glucose
101
How many ATP is used in Cori cycle
4
102
major precursor of glucose in ruminants
Proprionate
103
Priopionate is directly fed to gluconeogenesis
False.
104
Gluconeogenesis depends on amino acids and, to a lesser extent, on lactic acid and glycerol
True
105
Increase glucagon increases gluconeogenesis
True.
106
Glucagon stimulate glycolysis
FAlse. Inhibit
107
The only source of glucose during prolonged fasting
Gluconeogenesis
108
Inc NADH inc gluconeogenesis
False
109
Dietary EVEN numbered carbon fatty acids will yield propionate
False. ODD numbered so yun may carbon 15, 17, 19....
110
Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate would stimulate gluconeogenesis
False. Stimulate glycolysis.inh gluconeogenesis
111
Where can you find glucose 6 phosphates
Liver and kidney
112
catalyzes the conversion of glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate
Glycerol kinase. Found only in kidney n liver
113
Enzyme in the Rate limiting step of glycolysis
Fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate
114
Where can you find PEP carboxylase
Mitochondria
115
Shape of the graph of an enzyme that exhibits cooperativitiy
Sigmoidal
| If ordinary enzyme, hyperbolic
116
combined catabolic and anabolic processes
Metabolism
117
The remaining free energy that is not captured as high-energy phosphate is liberated as _____
Heat
119
How many net ATP is produced in anaerobic glycolysis
2
120
Main fuel source of the body
Glucose
121
How many ATP is produced from the NADH of GLYCOLYSIS
5
123
portion of the total energy change in a system that is available for doing work
Gibb's free energy
134
True or false. Metalloenzymes are metal activated enzymes
False.
Metalloenzyme - prosthetic group
Metal activated enzyme - cofactors
139
How many hydrogen ions are translocated in complex II
None
140
Cyanide inhibits what complex in ETC
IV
145
postulates that the energy from oxidation of components in the respiratory chain is coupled to the translocation of hydrogen ions (protons, H+) from the inside to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory
154
Most accepted theory on enzyme bonding to substrate
Induced fit by Koshland
160
extent of disorder or randomness of the system
Entropy
193
Increase in insulin would lead to
A. Inc glycogenesis
B. dec glycogenesis
A
