Module 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
one responsible for
making the planets and moons interact though they are not in contact.
Gravitational Field
He discovered that the interaction that keeps an apple fall out of a tree is the same
attraction that keeps planets in their orbits around the sun.
Isaac Newton
Year Newton’s Law of Gravitation was Published
1687
“Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that
is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them” (Young,
Freedman, and Ford 2012, 402–36)
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
is defined as “equal to the universal gravitational
constant (G) times the object’s mass (M), divided by the square of the distance from the object’s center (r). The direction is toward the mass’s center.”
Gravitational Field
The object creating the field is the
Source Particle
is a unit vector pointing radially outward from Earth and the negative sign indicates that the field points toward the center of the Earth”.
𝑟ˆ
is a unit vector pointing radially outward from Earth and the negative sign indicates that the field points toward the center of the Earth”.
𝑟ˆ
has been defined in a system consisting of the Earth and an object of mass m near the Earth’s surface and height of the object above or below some reference level.
Gravitational Potential Energy
Formula for Gravitational Potential Energy
PE = mgy
associated with an object of mass
𝑚 at a distance 𝑟 from the center of Earth is
Gravitational Potential Energy
The gravitational potential
energy depends on ____ between the body of mass _______ and the center of the Earth.
r (Distance), m
Change in Potential Energy
APE
Trial Potential Energy
PEF
Initial Potential Energy
Pei
The __________ is the only force acting on a satellite in circular orbit around the Earth
Earth’s gravitational attraction
The total mechanical energy in a circular orbit is _____________ to one-half the potential energy
negative and equal
Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun as the focus
Law of Orbits
A planet covers the same area of space in the same amount of time no matter where it is in its orbit.
Law of Areas
A planet’s orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit (its semi-major axis)
Law of Periods
One way to describe the motion of an object it to specify its __________ at different times.
Position
The speed is constant
in this motion, but the direction is changing continuously. The acceleration in his special
case of circular motion is called
the
Centripetal Acceleration
Formula for Centripetal Motion
A = v^2/r
Formula for Centripetal Force
Fcp = mv^2/r
