MODULE 2

Question 1

It provides a deeper assessment of individual and group behavior, as well as social phenomena, by examining the interplay between economic, political, and social factors.

Answer 1

SOCIOLOGY

Question 2

“Sociology is the study of human social life, groups and society”

Answer 2

ANTHONY GIDDENS

Question 3

considered one of the founders of sociology.

Answer 3

AUGUSTE COMTE

Question 4

WHEN DID AUGUSTE COMTE COINED THE TERM “SOCIOLOGY”?

Answer 4

1838

Question 5

SOCIUS:
LOGIA:

Answer 5

COMPANION; ASSOCIATE
STUDY OF SPEECH

Question 6

believed sociology could unite all sciences and improve society

Answer 6

AUGUSTE COMTE

Question 7

was a positivist who argued that sociology must have a scientific base and be objective.

Answer 7

AUGUSTE COMTE

Question 8

theorized a three-stage development of society

Answer 8

COMTE

Question 9

One common scientific method in sociology is the

Answer 9

SURVEY

Question 10

defined sociology as the study of super-organic phenomena—that is, of relations among organisms. Thus, sociology could study nonhuman societies, such as ants and other insects, but the paramount super- organic phenomenon is human society.

Answer 10

HERBERT SPENCER

Question 11

is famous for his doctrine of social Darwinism, which asserted that the principles of evolution, including natural selection, apply to human societies, social classes, and individuals as well as to biological species developing over geologic time

Answer 11

HERBERT SPENCER

Question 12

addresses society in terms of the function of its constituent elements; namely norms, customs, traditions, and institutions

Answer 12

FUNCTIONALISM

Question 13

wrote that the power relationships between capitalists and workers were inherently exploitative and would inevitably create class conflict.

Answer 13

KARL MARX

Question 14

He believed that this conflict would ultimately lead to a revolution in which the working class would overthrow the capitalist class and seize control of the economy.

Answer 14

SOCIAL CONFLICT THEORY

Question 15

is a social, political, and economic theory originated by Karl Marx that focuses on the struggle between capitalists and the working class.

Answer 15

MARXISM

Question 16

major contributions was to help define and establish the field of sociology as an academic discipline.

Answer 16

Emile Durkheim

Question 17

focused on the shift in societies from a simple society to one that is more complex.

Answer 17

DIVISION OF LABOR

Question 18

saw both structural and action approaches as necessary to developing a full understanding of society and social change.

Answer 18

MAX WEBER

Question 19

believed that Bureaucracy was a better than traditional structures. In a bureaucratic organization, everyone is treated equal and the division of labor is clearly described for each employee.

Answer 19

MAW WEBER

Question 20

Weber believes that there are four ideal types of social actions.

Answer 20

TRADITIONAL SOCIAL ACTION
AFFECTIVE SOCIAL ACTION
VALUE RATIONAL SOCIAL ACTION
INSTRUMENTAL-RATIONAL SOCIAL ACTION

Question 21

actions controlled by traditions, “the way it has always been done”

Answer 21

TRADITIONAL SOCIAL ACTION

Question 22

actions determined by one’s specific affections and emotional state, you do not think about the consequences
Value Rational Social Action: actions that are

Answer 22

AFFECTIVE SOCIAL ACTION

Question 23

actions that are determined by a conscious belief in the inherent value of a type of behavior (ex: religion)

Answer 23

VALUE RATIONAL SOCIAL ACTION

Question 24

actions that are carried out to achieve a certain goal, you do something because it leads to a result

Answer 24

INSTRUMENTAL-RATIONAL SOCIAL ACTION

Question 25

“ the activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.”

Answer 25

ANDREW HEYWOOD

Question 26

systematic study of politics

Answer 26

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Question 27

It focuses on the fundamental values of equality, freedom, and justice and its processes are linked to the dynamics of conflict, resolution, and cooperation

Answer 27

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Question 28

systems of governance political theories lawmaking process political behavior and ethics policies and their implications political organization electoral process

Answer 28

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Question 29

the implementation of government policies it is the planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling of government operations.

Answer 29

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Question 30

branch of social science that studies the relationships between individuals and society and between markets and the state, using a diverse set of tools and methods drawn largely from economics, political science, and sociology

Answer 30

POLITICAL ECONOMY

Question 31

Studies the effects of political culture, institutions and individual decision-making in different political systems around the world

Answer 31

COMPARATIVE POLITICS

Question 32

Studies the effects of political culture, institutions and individual decision-making in different political systems around the world

Answer 32

COMPARATIVE POLITICS

Question 33

This field also examines how political processes and structures vary across counties and the historical development of these political processes and structures

Answer 33

COMPARATIVE POLITICS

Question 34

analyses the political behavior and preferences of both political leaders and ordinary citizens. Major themes include the study of war and peace, democracy, dictatorship, regime change and economic development often touches on both the domestic origins of foreign policy and the impact of the international system on domestic political behaviors and outcomes

Answer 34

COMPARATIV POLITICS

Question 35

The Republic was first published in c. 380 BCE. Considered one of the most influential philosophers in history, HE is known for formulating his theories through Socratic dialogue.

Answer 35

PLATO

Question 36

contains many important ideas, including justice and government, as philosophers argue over the definition and advantages of justice and governance of the city-state.

Answer 36

THE REPUBLIC

Question 37

justice is defined as a social condition of balance and harmony, both in the state and the individual.

Answer 37

PLATO

Question 38

“Democracy is governed by the people, and most people are at the lowest level of enlightenment.”

Answer 38

PLATO

Question 39

critique of democracy.

Answer 39

PLATO

Question 40

He is best known for his political treatise The Prince, written about 1513,

Answer 40

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI

Question 41

political treatise as an instruction guide for new princes and royals. accepting that the aims of princes – such as glory and survival – can justify the use of immoral means to achieve those ends.

Answer 41

THE PRINCE

Question 42

He has often been called the father of modern political philosophy and political science.

Answer 42

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI

Question 43

teaching of worldly success through scheming deceit.

Answer 43

MACHIAVELLIAN

Question 44

The term "trias politica" or "separation of powers" was coined by

Answer 44

Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu

Question 45

wrote that the main purpose of government is to maintain law and order, political liberty, and the property of the individual.

Answer 45

Baron de Montesquieu

Question 46

The term "trias politica" or "separation of powers" was coined by

Answer 46

Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu

Question 47

refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.

Answer 47

SEPARATION OF POWERS

Question 48

is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and appropriating the money necessary to operate the government.

Answer 48

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

Question 49

responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch.

Answer 49

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

Question 50

responsible for interpreting the constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it.

Answer 50

JUDICIAL BRANCH

Question 51

where Rousseau writes of citizens being “forced to be free” when they are constrained to obey the general will.

Answer 51

SOCIAL CONTRACT

Question 52

refer to freedom, with the famous saying that “Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains”

Answer 52

SOCIAL CONTRACT

Question 53

central argument in The Social Contract is that government attains its right to exist and to govern by “the consent of the governed.”

Answer 53

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 54

believed that the only true and correct form of government was the absolute monarchy. He argued this most forcefully in his landmark work, Leviathan.

Answer 54

THOMAS HOBBES

Question 55

theory of Social Contract supports absolute sovereign without giving any value to individuals.

Answer 55

THOMAS HOBBES