Module 2

Question 1

A network of interdependent component and processes with materials and energy
flowing from one component to another

Answer 1

System

Question 2

those that receive inputs from their surroundings and produce outputs that leave the system

Answer 2

Open System

Question 3

no matter exchanges with the surroundings

Answer 3

Closed System

Question 4

increase a process or component

Answer 4

Positive Feedback

Question 5

decrease a process or component

Answer 5

Negative Feedback

Question 6

Feedback loops helps _____

Answer 6

stabilize systems

Question 7

DISTURBANCES

Answer 7

Fire
Flooding
Climate Change
Invasion of New Species
Destructive Human Activities

Question 8

properties that are entirely unexpected and include emergent phenomena in materials and emergent behavior in living creatures.

Answer 8

Emergent Properties

Question 9

is the ability to return to a previous condition from being in a disturbance

Answer 9

RESILIENCE

Question 10

adapt to the current condition, not going back to the previous condition

Answer 10

State Shift

Question 11

A relatively stable state that keeps
population sizes within a sustainable range

Answer 11

Equilibrium

Question 12

substances that cannot be broken down into simpler forms by ordinary chemical reactions.

Answer 12

Element

Question 13

the smallest particles that exhibit the characteristics of an element.

Answer 13

Atom

Question 14

anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 14

Matter

Question 15

Principle of Conservation of Matter

Answer 15

matter is neither
CREATED NOR DESTROYED
but rather is recycled
OVER AND OVER AGAIN

Question 16

% Composition by Mass of
H U M A N B O D Y

Answer 16

O C H N Ca P K

Question 17

% Composition by Mass of
O C E A N WAT E R

Answer 17

O H Cl Na Mg S Ca

Question 18

% Composition by Mass of
E A R T H ’ S C R U S T

Answer 18

O Si Al Fe Ca Na K

Question 19

% Composition by Mass of
AT M O S P H E R E

Answer 19

O N Ar Ca Ne He H

Question 20

ability to do work

Answer 20

Energy

Question 21

stored energy that is available for use

Answer 21

Potential Energy

Question 22

the energy contained in moving objects

Answer 22

Kinetic Energy

Question 23

Examples of Potential Energy:

Answer 23

Battery
Food we eat
Fuel

Question 24

Examples of Kinetic Energy:

Answer 24

Riding Bicycle
Wind Mill
Dam

Question 25

the energy that can be transferred between objects of different temperature.

Answer 25

Heat Energy

Question 26

deals with how energy is transferred in natural processes

Answer 26

Thermodynamics

Question 27

energy is conserved; that is, it is neither created nor destroyed under normal conditions

Answer 27

First Law of Thermodynamics

Question 28

with each successive energy transfer or transformation in a system, less energy is available to do work.

Answer 28

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Question 29

the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight.

Answer 29

Chemosynthesis

Question 30

are organisms that live in "extreme environments“

Answer 30

Extremophiles

Question 31

Example of Extremophiles

Answer 31

A colony of tube worms and mussels clusters over a cool, deep-sea methane seep in the Gulf of Mexico.

Question 32

No Sun, ___

Answer 32

No Life

Question 33

a fiery ball of exploding hydrogen gas

Answer 33

Sun

Question 34

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

Answer 34

Photosynthesis

Question 35

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 35

10% ultraviolet 45% infrared 45% visible

Question 36

Who can photosynthesize?

Answer 36

Protists Bacteria Plants

Question 37

Balanced Chemical Formula of Photosynthesis

Answer 37

6CO2 + 6H2O > 6O2 + C6H12O6

Question 38

chlorophyll-containing organelle in eukaryotic organisms; sites of photosynthesis

Answer 38

Chloroplast

Question 39

a unique green molecule that can absorb light energy and use it to create high-energy chemical bonds in compounds that serve as the fuel for all subsequent cellular metabolism

Answer 39

Chlorophyll

Question 40

Light-capturing molecules

Answer 40

PIGMENTS

Question 41

Example of Pigments: Light capturing molecules:

Answer 41

CAROTENE - Orange ANTHOCYANIN - Violet XANTHOPHYLL - Yellow

Question 42

it is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP

Answer 42

Cellular Respiration

Question 43

The process of releasing chemical energy that involves splitting carbon and hydrogen atoms from the sugar molecule and recombining them with oxygen to re-create carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 43

Cellular Respiration

Question 44

occurs in mitochondria.

Answer 44

Cellular Respiration

Question 45

powerhouse of the cell

Answer 45

Mitochondria

Question 46

Trophic Level

Answer 46

Tertiary Consumers - Top Carnivores Secondary Consumers - Carnivores Primary Consumers - Herbivores Primary Producers - Autotrophs

Question 47

Consumers that feed at all levels:

Answer 47

Scavengers Detritivores Decomposers

Question 48

Ecological Pyramids Describe Trophic Level

Answer 48

Tertiary Consumers - 0.1% Secondary Consumers - 1.8% Primary Consumers • Decomposers and Detritivores 24.2% • Herbivores - 16.1% Producers - 100%

Question 49

the sequence of transfers of matter and energy in the form of food from organism to organism

Answer 49

Food Chain

Question 50

connection of multiple food chains

Answer 50

Food Web

Question 51

the amount of biomass (biological material) produced in a given area during a given period of time

Answer 51

Productivity

Question 52

an organism’s feeding status in an ecosystem

Answer 52

Trophic Levels

Question 53

The ____ is complex and involves state changes in water as well as the physical movement of water through and between ecosystems

Answer 53

water cycle/ hydrologic cycle

Question 54

Carbon functions as a structural component of organic molecules and a chemical bond in carbon compounds provide metabolic energy.

Answer 54

Carbon Cycle

Question 55

Nitrogen is mostly found in the atmosphere as nitrogen gas, and it is processed via nitrogen fixation.

Answer 55

Nitrogen cycle

Question 56

The slowest cycle among the biogeochemical cycles

Answer 56

Phosphorus Cycle

Question 57

The _____ within the terrestrial portion starts with the weathering of rocks, releasing the stored sulfur.

Answer 57

sulfur cycle