Module 2

Question 1

Smallest unit of life

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

intracellular fluid packed
with organelles

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

selectively permeable barrier

Answer 3

Plasma Membrane

Question 4

organelle that controls cellular activities

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

includes interstitial fluids, blood plasma,
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 5

ECF (extracellular fluid)

Question 6

substances that aid in digestion (gastric fluids) or act as lubricants (saliva)

Answer 6

Cellular secretions

Question 7

most abundant material, jellylike substance
composed of proteins and polysaccharides

Answer 7

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 8

Substances contributing to body mass that are found outside of the cells

Answer 8

EXTRACELLULAR MATERIALS

Question 9

Phospholipid bilayer with protein molecules plugged in as a fluid
mosaic

Answer 9

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 10

allows the membrane to communicate with its
environment, responsible for specialized membrane function

Answer 10

Membrane Proteins

Question 11

includes glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Glycocalyx (carbohydrate rich area) provides identity molecules for specific
biologicals markers.

Answer 11

Membrane Carbohydrates

Question 12

allow neighboring cells to adhere and to communicate, inhibit or aid in allowing movement of molecules between cells

Answer 12

Cell Junctions

Question 13

forms the fabric of the membrane (phospholipid +
cholesterol)

Answer 13

Membrane Lipids

Question 14

Determines what functions the membrane can perform.

Answer 14

Proteins

Question 15

diffuse directly through the lipid
bilayer (usually small nonpolar molecules that
readily dissolve in lipids)

Answer 15

Simple Diffusion

Question 16

either through a) binding to carrier proteins or 2) through water filled channel proteins

Answer 16

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 17

diffusion of a solvent through a membrane

Answer 17

Osmosis

Question 18

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells

Answer 18

TONICITY

Question 19

have the same concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in the cells, retain shape, exhibit no net loss or gain of water

Answer 19

Isotonic

Question 20

higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than seen in the cell, lose water, shrivel or crenate

Answer 20

Hypertonic

Question 21

more dilute than cells, cells plump up or lyse

Answer 21

Hypotonic

Question 22

cells retain their normal size and shape in __ solution

Answer 22

Isotonic solutions

Question 23

Cells take on water by osmosis until they become bloated and burst in __ solution

Answer 23

Hypotonic solutions

Question 24

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and reversibly with the transported substances

Answer 24

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Question 25

Also termed as voltage, electrical potential energy resulting from the separation of oppositely charged particles

Answer 25

Membrane Potential

Question 26

cell surface proteins that mediate the interaction between cells, or between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM)

Answer 26

Cell Adhesion Molecules

Question 27

signals from the nervous system

Answer 27

Neurotransmitters

Question 28

process in which a ligand (chemical messenger) binds a specific receptor and initiates a response

Answer 28

Chemical Signaling

Question 29

Cell material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Answer 29

Cytoplasm

Question 30

metabolic machinery of the cell that synthesize proteins, generate ATP

Answer 30

Organelles

Question 31

Powerplants of the cell, providing ATP supply Lozenge-shaped organelles that contains its own DNA, RNA, ribosomes and able to reproduce themselves

Answer 31

Mitochondria

Question 32

Sites of protein synthesis. Small-dark staining granules composed of proteins and RNA

Answer 32

Ribosomes

Question 33

Extensive system of interconnected tubes and parallel sacs

Answer 33

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 34

contains integral proteins called enzymes that catalyze reactions

Answer 34

Smooth ER

Question 35

studded with ribosomes that manufacture all proteins secreted from cells; manufacture of integral proteins and phospholipids that form part of all cellular membranes

Answer 35

Rough ER

Question 36

Modify, concentrate and package the proteins and lipids Stacked, flattened membranous sacs associated with tiny membranous vesicles

Answer 36

Golgi Apparatus

Question 37

Spherical membranous sacs containing enzymes (numerous in kidneys and livers) Oxidases and Catalases detoxify alcohol and formaldehyde and neutralize free radicals

Answer 37

Peroxisomes

Question 38

Spherical membranous organelles containing activatedhydrolytic enzymes. Digests all kinds of biological molecules including invading bacteria and cell debris

Answer 38

Lysosomes

Question 39

System of organelles that work together mainly to š Produce, degrade, store and export biological molecules š Degrade potentially harmful substances š Includes the Golgi apparatus, ER, secretory vesicles and lysosomes

Answer 39

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

Question 40

multicellular sheets composed of at least 2 primary tissue types (epithelium + connective tissue)

Answer 40

Membranes

Question 41

Main component of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord and nerves) which regulates and controls body functions

Answer 41

NERVOUS TISSUE

Question 42

non-conducting cells that support, insulate and protect delicate neurons

Answer 42

SUPPORTING CELLS / GLIAL/ NEUROGLIA

Question 43

Well-vascularized tissues that are responsible for most type of body movement

Answer 43

MUSCLE TISSUE

Question 44

a structural support network made up of diverse proteins, sugars and other components and responsible for the physical maintenance of cells

Answer 44

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

Question 45

Product hormones that enter the blood or lymphatic fluid to specific target organ. Structurally diverse and secretions also varies

Answer 45

ENDOCRINE

Question 46

consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product

Answer 46

GLAND

Question 47

product of a gland that can be aqueous, lipid or steroid-rich containing proteins

Answer 47

SECRETION