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EE ELECTIVE 2 > MODULE 2 > Flashcards

MODULE 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

This are intricate networks comprising various interconnected components, including generators, transformers, transmission lines, and distribution systems, designed to deliver electricity reliably to consumers

A

Power Systems

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2
Q

characterized by rapid and temporary deviations from steady-state conditions, can originate from diverse sources such as lightning strikes, switching operations, and equipment faults.

A

Transients

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3
Q

4 Key Characteristics of Transients

A
  1. Temporary Nature
  2. Rapid Changes
  3. Diverse Causes
  4. Impact on System Performance
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4
Q

Transients are inherently temporary events, meaning they occur for a brief period before the system returns to its normal operating conditions.

A

Temporary Nature

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5
Q

Transients are characterized by abrupt and rapid changes in electrical parameters such as voltage, current, or frequency.

A

Rapid Changes

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6
Q

These changes can occur within fractions of a second and often involve high rates of rise or fall, leading to sharp peaks or troughs in the waveform.

A

Rapid Changes

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7
Q

Transients can arise from various sources within the power system environment

A

Diverse Causes

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8
Q

these disturbances can have significant impacts on the performance, reliability, and safety of the power system.

A

Impact on system performance

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9
Q

3 Types of Transients

A

Voltage Transients
Current Transients
Frequency Transients

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10
Q

These occur as sudden and temporary deviations from the nominal voltage level within the system. Overvoltages or Undervoltages

A

Voltage Transients

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11
Q

involve rapid changes in the magnitude or direction of electrical current flowing through the system.

A

Current Transients

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12
Q

refer to deviations from the nominal system frequency (typically 50Hz or 60Hz).

A

Frequency Transients

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13
Q

These deviations can occur due to sudden changes in generation or load, grid disturbances, or disturbances in interconnected systems

A

Frequency Transients

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14
Q

4 Causes and Effects of Transients

A
  1. Lightning Strikes
  2. Switching Operations
  3. Faults
  4. Effects of Transients
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15
Q

a common cause of transients in power systems. When lightning strikes a power line or nearby infrastructure, it can induce high-voltage surges, leading to overvoltages and insulation breakdown.

A

Lightning Strikes

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16
Q

such as circuit breaker operations and capacitor bank switching, can also generate transients. Rapid changes in voltage and current during switching can produce transient overvoltages and overcurrents.

A

Switching Operations

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17
Q

such as short circuits and line disturbances, can result in sudden changes in the electrical parameters of the system.

A

Faults

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18
Q

Transients can have detrimental effects on power system equipment and operation. These effects include insulation degradation, equipment damage, nuisance tripping of protective devices, and loss of system stability.

A

Effects of Transients

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19
Q

refer to temporary increases in voltage levels beyond the normal operating range of the system

A

Transient Overvoltages

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20
Q

3 Causes of Transient Overvoltages

A

Lightning-Induced Overvoltages
Switching Transients
Fault-Induced Overvoltages

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21
Q

The electromagnetic fields generated by the lightning discharge induce currents in conductors, leading to transient overvoltages.

A

Lightning-Induced Overvoltages

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22
Q

typically have fast rise times and high amplitudes, posing a significant risk to equipment insulation and system integrity

A

Lightning-Induced Overvoltages

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23
Q

can generate transient overvoltages due to the sudden changes in current flow and electromagnetic fields. can cause voltage spikes and oscillations in the power system, leading to insulation stress and equipment damage.

Study These Flashcards
A

Switching Transients

24
Q

These faults cause sudden changes in the electrical parameters of the system, leading to voltage surges and spikes

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A

Fault-Induced Overvoltages

25
can cause insulation breakdown, equipment damage, and system instability.
Fault-Induced Overvoltages
26
3 Transient Overvoltage Mitigation Techniques
1. Surge Arresters 2. Protective Relays 3. Grounding and Shielding
27
also known as lightning arresters, are devices used to protect power system equipment from transient overvoltages. They divert excess voltage to ground, preventing it from damaging downstream equipment.
Surge Arresters
28
They monitor the electrical parameters of the system and initiate protective actions, such as tripping circuit breakers, in response to transient events.
Protective Relays
29
can help mitigate transient overvoltages by providing a low-impedance path for fault currents and minimizing electromagnetic interference
Grounding and Shielding
30
is a crucial aspect of power system protection, focusing on a system's ability to maintain synchronism after a sudden and significant disturbance.
Transient Stability Analysis
31
It assesses the system's ability to recover and stabilize after experiencing transient events.
Transient Stability Analysis
32
refers to the ability of the system to recover from such disturbances and return to a steady-state condition where all generators remain synchronized.
Transient Stability
33
3 Factors Affecting Transient Stability
Generator Inertia Systen Strength Clearing Time
34
The rotating mass of generators acts like a flywheel, resisting changes in speed during disturbances
Generator Inertia
35
______ allows the system more time to recover.
Higher Inertia
36
This refers to the system's ability to maintain voltage during a disturbance
Systen Strength
37
A strong system with _______ allows for better power flow and faster recovery.
low impedance
38
The time it takes to clear a fault from the system.
Clearing Time
39
2 Consequences of Transient Instabilit
Loss of Synchronism Equipment Damage
40
Generators fall out of step, leading to cascading outages and potentially widespread blackouts
Loss of Synchronism
41
Large transient currents and voltage fluctuations can damage transformers, transmission lines, and other power system components.
Equipment Damage
42
relies on specialized software tools that simulate the dynamic behavior of a power system under various disturbance scenarios.
Transient stability analysis
43
4 analytical tools used for Transient stability analysis
1. Power System Network Modeling 2. Dynamic Models 3. Fault Simulation 4. Numerical Integration Technique
44
The software requires a detailed representation of the power system, including generators, transformers, transmission lines, and loads.
Power System Network Modeling
45
Mathematical models are used to represent the dynamic characteristics of each component, including generator governor control systems, exciters, and turbine-governor dynamics.
Dynamic Models
46
the software allows simulating various types of faults (e.g., single-line-to- ground, double-line-to-ground) at different locations within the system.
Fault Simulation
47
These techniques solve the system of differential equations governing the dynamic behavior of the power system over time.
Numerical Integration Techniques
48
These plots depict the variation in the angle between the rotor of a generator and the reference frame (typically the synchronous speed) following a disturbance.
Rotor Angle Curves
49
This is the minimum time required to clear a fault before the system loses stability
Critical Clearing Time
50
The software also analyzes the voltage and frequency variations during the transient period.
Transient Voltage and Frequency Deviations
51
3 Types of Transient Stability Analysis
1. Deterministic Analysis 2. Probabilistic Analysis 3. Time-Domain Simulation
52
this is the most common approach, where a specific fault scenario is simulated, and the system's response is analyzed.
Deterministic Analysis
53
this method considers the statistical probability of different fault types occurring at various locations within the system. It provides a more comprehensive picture of the system's overall stability risk.
Probabilistic Analysis
54
this models the dynamic behavior of the power system in real-time, considering every component's response to the disturbance.
Time-Domain Simulation
55
4 Significance of Transient Stability Analysis in Power Systems
1. Proactive Risk Assessment 2. Planning for Contingencies 3. Economic Benefits 4. Additional Advantages
56
4 Techniques for Transient Stability Assessment:
1. Deterministic Methods 2. Time-Domain Simulation 3. Phasor Analysis 4. Modern Techniques
57
involves a multi-faceted approach, employing various analytical techniques to evaluate a power system's ability to withstand disturbances and maintain synchronism.
Transient stability assessment

EE ELECTIVE 2 (3 decks)

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