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Infection Control > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

organism that causes diseases that needs to thrive and survive in a host

A

pathogens

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2
Q

how many types of pathogens are there

A

4

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3
Q

what are the transmission of microbes in the dental office

A

pathogenicity of microorganism

ability of the microorganism to survive in the environment

route of transmission

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4
Q

the ability or quality of a pathogen to cause a disease in a host

A

pathogenicity

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5
Q

this pathogen is an infective agent that consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat

A

virus

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6
Q

what are the components of a virus?

A

nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat

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7
Q

what is the protein coat of a virus

A

capsid

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8
Q

this pathogen is a strict parasite

A

viruw

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9
Q

virus is a strict parasite. what does this mean

A

the virus rely completely o the host’s cells to multiply and survive. canot survive without a host

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10
Q

This type of pathogen is antibiotic resistant

A

virus

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11
Q

this type of pathogen is a microscopic, single-celled organism

A

baceria

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12
Q

this type of pathogen can live in the soil or inside the body

A

bacteria

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13
Q

some of this type of pathogen are harmful, while others are helpful

A

bacteria

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14
Q

a type of pathogen that is found anywhere in the environment

A

fungi

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15
Q

what are the components of the fungi

A

nucleus protected by a membrane and a thick cell wall

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16
Q

this type of pathogen is hard to kill, along with virus

A

fungi

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17
Q

the most common fungi that causes oral disease

A

candida albicans

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18
Q

what does candida albicans cause

A

oral candidiasis

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19
Q

this type of pathogen lives in a organism of another species

A

parasite

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20
Q

this type of pathogen live ad feed at the expense of the host

A

parasite

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21
Q

unlike virus, this type of pathogen is often killed with antibiotic

A

parasite

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22
Q

how does a parasite enter another orgaism

A

mouth and skin

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23
Q

give at least 5 examples of parasites

A

protozoa, helminths, arthropods, lice, ticks, mites, bed bugs, flukes, tapeworms

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24
Q

what is the only one parasite that can severely affect the human oral cavity

A

leishmania

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25
what does leishmania cause
granulomatous growth disfigurations involving the mouth and nose
26
what are the two protozoa commonly mentioned i relation to the oral cavity
entomoeba gingivalis trichomona tenax
27
these are harmless commensals associated with poor oral hygiene
entomoeba gingivalis trichomona tenax
28
miscarriage; infant may be symptomless but may develop serious symptoms later in life like blindness or mental disability; serious eye or brain damage at birth
toxoplasmosis
29
bloodborne disease that is a retrovirus
HIVw
30
what does HIV mean
human Immunodeficiency virus
31
what does HIV target
CD4/ CD4 T lymphocytes/ helper T cells
32
what is the final stage of HIV
AIDS
33
meaning of AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
34
there is no known cure for HIV, however, there is a treatment that reduces viral overload
ART
35
what does ART mean
antiretroviral therapy
36
give at least 5 common oral manifestations of AIDS
xerostomia, candidiasis, HIV-associated periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, epstein0barr virus, kaposi sarcoma
37
most common mode of transmission of HIV
anal/vagina sex sharing of needles or syringes
38
HIV is rarely transmitted through
oral sex, blood transfusions, organ/tissue transplants
39
can HIV be transferred from mother to her baby
yes
40
give at least 3 examples where HIV is not transmitted
casual touching sharing toilets closed-mouth kissing saliva tears sweat insects
41
What kind of precaution should be treated with HIV positive patients
Standard precautions
42
what must you request for an HIV positive patient before performing oral services
detailed medical history most recent lab values
43
what will happen is a patient has a very high viral load
it is contagious so treatment may be delayed
44
high CD4T cell count and low viral load
effective treatment regimen
45
normal CD4 cell count
500-1500 cells/ cu mm or 32-68%
46
which cell count is one indication for the diagnosis of AIDS
below 200 cells/cu mm
47
how many copies of HIV in the body is normal
20-75 copies of HIV/mm of blood
48
Occupational source of greatest risk of HIV transmission
percutaneous injuries
49
prevalent and infectious causes of liver disease
hepatitis
50
what kind of precaution must dentists and all staff practice with hepatitis
Standard precautions
51
types of hepatitis
HAV, HBV, HCV
52
which of the types of hepatitis is preventable thorugh vaccination
HBV
53
how many injections in HBV vaccination
2-3 injections over the course of 6 months
54
which of the types of hepatitis has o vaccine, but has treatment regimens that can cure more than 90% of cases
HCV
55
type of hepa that is acquired primarily through close personal contact with an infected person and during foodborne outbreaks.
HAV
56
this type of hepatitis does not cause chronic infection
HAV
57
mode of transmission of HAV
person to person contact contaminated food or water blood exposure (VR)
58
what family is the HBV a member of
hepadnavirus family
59
what does HBV infect
(main) liver kidneys and pancreas
60
small, enveloped DNA virus
HBV
61
this is a particularly stable virus, making it very resistant to disinfection
HBV
62
type of hepa that is able to live for a long time outside of the body, therefore making cross contamination and infection much more likely.
HBV
63
how long can HBV survive outside of the body and cause infection
at least 7 days
64
mode of transmission of HBV
perinatally percutaneously sexual contact open cuts and sores sexual transmision and IV drug use
65
give at least 3 examples where HBV is not transmitted
breastfeeding food water casual touching kissing droplets from coughing or sneezing
66
this type of hepa often results in chronic liver infection
HCV
67
family of HCV
flavivridae
68
small, enveloped RNA
HCV
69
what does HCV target
human hepatocytes
70
why are most people not aware of being infected with HCV
they do not show any signs of illness
71
HCV can lead to more serious complications like
liver cirrhosis hepatocelular carcinoa death
72
mode of transmission of HBV
blood, semen, vaginal secretionns transfusion, needlesticks, sharing drug needles, sexual intercours almost all HIV drug users also have HCV
73
lifelong infections
herpes simplex virus
74
this type of HSV is mainly transmittied by oral-oral cotact
HSV-1
75
what does oral to oral contact of HSV-1 cause
oral herpes, can also cause genital herpes
76
are oral and genital infections symptomatic or asymptomatic
asymptomatic
77
symptoms of herpes
blisters/ ulcers at site of infection
78
when are herpes most contagious
when symptoms are present
79

Infection Control (1 decks)

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