Module 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Factors in Selecting a Breeding Herd
A
Availability of good breeding stock
Prolificness
Growth ability
Temperament
Carcass quality
Efficient use in feeds
Nicking ability
Market demand
Disease resistance
Availability of feeds
Personal likes and dislikes in terms of caring for the animals
2
Q
Availability of good breeding stock
A
Within the locality
3
Q
Prolificness
A
Produce and nourish litters of healthy pigs.
4
Q
Growth Ability
A
Rapid grains
5
Q
Temperament
A
Active
Good Disposition
Easy to handle
6
Q
Carcass Quality
A
High in lean cuts and low in fats
7
Q
Efficient use in feeds
A
Conversion of feeds to pork
8
Q
Nicking ability
A
Some breeds perform better when crossbred
9
Q
Market demand
A
For better carcass, etc.
10
Q
Is a group of animals that has a specific traits or characteristics in common.
A
Breed
11
Q
Mating within the breed produces ___________that maintains the same set of characteristics.
A
Progeny
12
Q
The pig performance is influenced by ______________.
A
Environment
Genetic Potential
13
Q
Environment compromises how many percent on a performance of a pig?
A
70%
14
Q
Genetic Potential compromises how many percent on a performance of a pig?
A
30%
15
Q
The Philippine Pigs
A
The Native Pig
Batangas Pig
The Koronadal Pig
The Berkjala
16
Q
This pig is hardy (healthy or strong or daring) and its upkeep is not expensive.
A
The Native Pig
17
Q
The snout is long and pointed. The ears are small and erect. The back is low and the stomach hangs close to the ground. The litter is small and of different colors which may either be black or black and white.
A
Native Pig
18
Q
How much weight at the birth of a Native Pig?
A
0.6kg
19
Q
How much weight is a 6 month Native Pig?
A
9.9kgs
20
Q
How much weight is a one year and a half Native Pig?
A
34.5kgs
21
Q
How much weight is a 2 year old Native Pig?
A
66.4kgs
22
Q
Classifieds into 2 strains which are both lard and meat type.
A
Batangas Pig
23
Q
The looks and size are similar to Duroc Jersey
A
Kamain
24
Q
Black color similar to Berkshire and Poland China
A
Diani
25
Both are produced by natural crossbreeding and ready for market at 9 months old.
Kamain
Diani
26
An intermediate between lard and bacon type. The head is long and the snout pointed and long.
The Koronadal Pig
27
Where can the Koronadal Pig be found?
Cotabato
28
How many months can Koronadal Pig reach maturity?
9 months
29
The cross breed between the native Bekjala and the Berkshire. The breed is better than any native Pig; its big size and of lard type. The body is moderately long and the ears are large and erect, legs are big boned and strong.
The Berkjala
30
Who perfected the Berkjala breed?
Dr. B. M. Gonzales in the UPCA in Los Baños, Laguna in 1916.
31
How many kilograms are a mature boar sow of a Berkjala Breed?
180 kgs
120 kgs
32
How much is the dressing percentage of the Berkjala breed?
70%
33
How many months does the Berkjala take maturity?
7 to 9 months
34
It can lower the quality of the whole herd.
Abnormalities
35
Most common abnormalities in pigs.
Hernias
Atresia ani
Cryptorchidism
36
No an opening; pig born alive
Atresia ani
37
Legs at right angle and stiff
Bent legs
38
Skull opening is present involving frontal and parietal bone
Brain hernia
39
Incomplete development of the skull
Catlin mark
40
Pigs born alive but unable to nurse.
Cleft palate
41
Pigs become fat to 32-88 kgs and die.
Excessive Fatness
42
Born dead or reabsorbed
Fetal mortality
43
Fluid on the brain; brain enlarged
Hydrocephalus
44
Pig born alive but without legs
Legless
45
Forelegs are rigid and live only a short time; animals still born.
Muscle contracture
46
Associated with cleft palate and deformed hind legs.
Split Ears
47
Caused by infiltration of connected tissue which replaces the muscles fiber.
Thickened forelimb
48
1 or both testicles retained in the abdominal cavity.
Cryptorchidism
49
Hair at the back flanges in all directions.
Hair whorls (Swirls)
50
Animals with no hair.
Hairlessness
51
Blood fail to clot promptly.
Hemophilia
52
Teats inverted and non functional
Inverted nipples
53
Rigid angles in the tale at birth
Kinky tail
54
Extra toes on forefeet
Polydactyl
55
Observed in Hampshire; affected animals have light brown haircoat.
Red eyes
56
Ruptured intestines extending up to the scrotal area.
Scrotal hernia
57
Intestines protrude at the naval cord area.
Umbilical hernia
58
Only one or toe instead of 2
Syndactyl (mule foot)
59
Kinky hair
Wooly
60
Skin like flaps hanging from the throat near the lower jaw.
Wattles
61
Do not have distinguishing physical characteristics and most are white with good muscle development.
Synthetic Breeds
62
Outstanding in terms of growth rate
FCR
Carcass quality
Hybrid Pigs for slaughter
63
Was developed from 4 synthetic lines from carefully selected stock of Eurilbrid, Europe.
Hypor
64
Its great grandparents are from Belgium and was imported by Robiana Farms.
Seghers
65
Best source of lean meat and arrive at 1975.
Seghers
66
Cross breed between Landrace, Large white, and Pietrain
Neuw Dalland
66
Most major distributor of Neuw Dalland and projected this breed on 1991.
Dall Phil System Corp.
67
A product of Vitarich Corporation
Babcock
68
Has evolved from continuous selection and cross breeding of other excellent breeders.
Neuw Dalland
69
Its figure is elongated but robust, excellent quality with minimum backfat, high litter size and superior mothering ability.
Neuw Dalland
69
Entirely white with erect ears
Sows are have superior mothering ability, farrow and wean large litters
Excellent milkers
Adopt well to confinement but not on rugged condition; prone to disease.
Yorkshire/Large White
70
It is white and have short legs with medium to large dropping ears.
Short snout
Good mothering ability and litter size.
Heavy milkers and produce pigs of highly acceptable carcass quality.
Landrace
71
Weak on the feet and legs and have problem adopting to rugged condition.
Landrace
72
Its color are varying shades of red.
Duroc
73
Ears are small (2/3 erect and 1/3 drooping a tip)
Duroc
74
Sows are prolific and good mothers.
Produce pig that have superior rate of growth, feed conversion and performance in rugged condition is better than any white breeds.
Duroc
74
Colored black with white belt around the shoulder and any body.
Hampshire
75
Long-legged and lack body thickness.
Sows have high percentage of the pigs farrowed and able to adopt to very rugged conditions.
Hampshire
76
The growth rate however has generally been average or below.
Hampshire
77
Black with six white points (4 white feet; some white in the face and tail)
Berkshire
78
Known for their meatiness and good adaptability to rugged conditions.
Berkshire
78
Pigs are black with six white points (face, tail, and the feet).
Poland China
78
Have desirable length, depth and balance of the body but lack good growth and efficiency in converting feed to weight gain.
Berkshire
78
Spotted black and white with medium-sized ear pointed upward, sometimes slightly dropping.
Pietrain
79
Snout is moderately long and dished.
Good muscle development in the ham, loin and shoulder with thin backfat thickness.
Good Mothering performance and reproductive ability.
Pietrain
79
Disadvantage of Pietrain
Its weak hind legs
Slower grower
Susceptibility to stress
80
They are prolific and adapt well to rugged condition but growth rate is slow.
Philippine Native
81
Origin country of Landrace and Large White
England
81
Beginners in the industry should start with this breed in the Philippines.
Philippine Native
82
Origin country of Hampshire and Duroc Jersey
USA
82
Are systems of mating animals use to produce a pure breeds or a cross breeds, which important in pig improvement to increase production.
Breeding Systems
83
Origin country of Pietrain
Belgium
84
Is not recommendable due to its negative effect on the production performance.
Continuous/Inbreeding
85
This is done to purify the bloodline of the animals.
Continuous/Inbreeding
86
It brings out the desired character in pure form.
Continuous/Inbreeding
87
Effects of inbreeding; if not properly done
1. Reduction in the strength and vigor of piglets.
2. Decrease in the number of pigs born and weaned.
3. Decrease in the weight of piglets at birth and weaning.
4. Sterility and abortions.
5. Retardations of physiological maturity.
6. Occurrence of abnormalities
88
Animals of the same breed are mated to each other.
Pure breeding
89
Breeding of two animals from different breeds.
Cross Breeding
90
The superiority exhibited by the crossbred individuals over the average of the parental breeds.
Hybrid Vigor/Heterosis
91
Advantages of crossbreeds over purebred animals
1. Superior in terms of litter size and weight at birth and at weaning .
2. Sows are better mothers
3. Fast Growing
92
Advantages of crossbreeding
1. Increased vigor and growth rate of litters
2. Large litters
3. Increased production efficiency to about 5-10%
4. Increased disease resistance
92
An inferior breed is improved by continued crossing.
Upgrading
93
Types of Crossbreeding
1. Two-way cross mating with the use of 2 different breeds.
2. Three-way cross mating with the use of three breeds
3. Four-way cross mating with the use of four different breeds.
93
Commonly used among native breeds crossed with exotic breeds of swine to improve the common sick.
Upgrading
93
Way to recognize and evaluate economic features (seen on the external parts of the pigs).
Judging
93
Used as a way to improve the genetic standard of the pig population.
Judging
94
ADG
Average Daily Gain
95
FCR
Food Conversion Ratio
95
FCE
Food Conversion Efficiency
96
External Indicators of a Good Pig
1. Number of good Teats, equal spacing of teats.
2. Strength of back and feet
3. Development and frame size of gilt or sow.
4. Leanness and meatiness of gilt/sow.
97
Requirements of a Good Pig
1. Good production of the sow
2. Long life
3. Good ADG for the offspring
4. Good FCR of the offspring
5. Good carcass quality of the offspring
98
Removal of unwanted pigs
Culling
99
Pointers of Culling
Reproductive Failures
Poor Maternal Instincts
Poor-Milkers
Feet and Leg Problems
Poor Litter Size
Long Dry Period
Damage Udder Section
Diseases
Abnormalities
99
Example of diseases commonly associated with abortion and usually transmitted by an infected boar.
Leptospirosis and Brucellosis
100
Oviduct distended with fluid
Hydrosalpinx
100
Blind uterine body, infantilism, cystic ovaries
Unilateral Blind Uterine Horn
100
Oviduct distended with pus-like materials.
Pyosalpinx
