Module 2 Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the concepts of development?
Sustainable Development: Sustainable development is economic development that
will continue to benefit later generations, rather than using short-term exploitation for short-term gains.
Economic Development: Economic development focuses on the economic growth of a country. An economy is healthy when there is an increase in the value of goods and services produced by that country.
Human Development: Development concerned with improving people’s well-being through better opportunities and freedoms and trying to ensure an individual’s basic needs are met.
What are the Indicators of development?
ECONOMIC:
GDP
GNP
Age Dependency Ratio
Population Growth Rate
+
HUMAN:
HDI
GDP per Capita
GINI Coefficient
Internet Penetration
SUSTAINABLE:
(ix) good governance;
(x) responsible environmental factors.
What are some factors that hinder or promote development?
Hinder:
Gender Inequality (The Patriarchy)
Gendered Education
Gender Stereotypes
Gendered Workforce
Unemployment
Gendered Poverty
Natural and Human made disasters
Promotes:
Political ideologies/Popular Movements
Distribution of wealth and resources
Changing class boundaries
Entrepreneurial drive and activity
What is Globalization and its forms?
Gloablisation is the free flow of trade, finance and information between countries in one global market.
Forms:
- The social-cultural dimension: this encompasses the coming together
and commercialisation of various cultures. Globalisation links different cultures, religions and forms of dress, for example. - The economic dimension: this entails trade liberalisation, the key facilitator of globalisation.
- The technological dimension: this comprises the media and communications aspects that deal with a network of wireless technology, 3D, 4D and real time, eff ectively making the world a ‘smaller place’ in terms of communication.
- The environmental dimension: this involves viewing the world’s
environments as one in which
What are the facilitators of globalization and development?
(i) World Trade Organisation (WTO);
(ii) Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA);
(iii) International Monetary Fund (IMF);
(iv) World Bank;
(v) transnational organisations;
(vi) technology;
(vii) ideologies: social, gender, economic, political.
What are some responses to globalization?
Impact and Response to Globalisation:
(i) industry and commerce;
(ii) distributional sector (supermarkets, department stores);
(iii) labour;
(iv) technology;
(iv) ideology;
(v) popular movements: Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and
Action (CAFRA), Women’s Action for New Directions (WAND), Environmental
and Social Justice Non-Governmental Organisations.
What is Integration?
Integration of countries refers to a political and economic agreement among countries that gives preference to member countries to the agreement.
What is the evolution/stages of Ithe Integration movement
(i) West Indies Federation (WIF) 1958-1962
(ii) Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) 1968-1965
(iii) The Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) 1973-present
(iv) Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) 1981-present
(v) Association of Caribbean States (ACS). 1194-present
CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME); 2002-present
How does sport contribute to the region?
(a) Generation of income.
(b) Health and fitness.
(c) Educational opportunities
(d) Development of Caribbean identity.
(e) Discipline and morale.
(f) International recognition.
(g) Sports tourism.
What are intellectual traditions? and what are they?
Pan-Africanism – a political, cultural and
intellectual phenomenon which has given birth to the promotion of the feeling of unity, oneness and pride among African peoples and
an appreciation of African values.
Negritude: A literary and Ideological movement led by French speaking black intellectuals, writers, and politicians and adopted as part of the Pan African ideology
What is Mass Media, and its functions?
What is social justice?
What are indicators of development affected by breaches of social justice?
What were the main objectives of panafricanism
■ to promote the view that black people, wherever they
lived, had a bond which united them;
■ to raise the consciousness of African people (and
others) about the humanity, culture, civilisation and
history of Africa;
■ to free Africa from the political and economic control
of Europeans (see Box 4.1);
■ to seek justice for black people;
■ to promote black pride, black consciousness and black
nationalism;
■ to repatriate Africans back to Africa, their motherland;
■ to seek the unification of the entire African continent
under African rule.
What were the main objectives of Negritude
- To promote the fi erce pride and spirit of the African people and to use
Africa as the foundation for establishing a cultural and ethnic identity
for blacks. - To neutralise the persistent notion of black inferiority and to promote
black independence instead. - To use the arts and literature to promote the concept of blackness.
- To eradicate the barriers that existed between black students of the
numerous French colonies and, by extension, all people of black
descent. - To promote an acceptance of the black identity by the oppressors, and
more specifically the European imperial powers.
How did Rastafarism impact the Caribbean?
One of the leading cultural trends in the Caribbean and the world: * Seen in the dreadlock hairstyle, a distinctive style of dress (sandals or no shoes,
caftans, turbans, ethnic African-style jewellery) and the sporting of red, green and
gold colours.
Influenced the political climate of Jamaica during the 1970s and beyond: * Prime Minister Michael Manley used Rastafari icons, language, symbols and, in
particular, the message of reggae artists such as Bob Marley to show that he had
connected with the poor Jamaican masses and the Rastafari. * The 1976 elections saw reggae musicians articulating the issues of class and race;
Rastafari symbols, language and appearance being used by both political parties
(PNP and JLP).
Promotion of the consciousness of black pride and black religion.
One of the latest and most popular Afro-Caribbean religions of the late 20th century.
Its appeal lies in its Afrocentric focus, and its rituals, belief system and reggae cultural
revolution especially attract a wide cross-section of generations.
What is the political thought and economic thought
Political thought – the study of questions, theories and ideologies concerning
concepts of power, justice, rights, law and other issues to do with government; how they have come about and how effective they are.
Economic thought – the study and formulation
of economic theories and ideologies. There
are different ‘schools’ of economic thought which comprise various economic thinkers who share or have shared a common perspective on the
Advantages of Industrialization by Invitation
Advantages:
* Provided an impetus to diversifi cation, and investment in light industry
in particular. * The creation of Free Trade Zones (FTZs): areas usually located near
a major port, which provided unrestricted and duty-free trade. An
example is Montego Bay Freezone in Jamaica.
* The creation of Export Processing Zones (EPZs): zones where buildings
and services concerning a specialised industrial estate were erected.
They enjoy concessions such as no taxes and duties. In 1997 there
were 51 EPZs in the Caribbean, 35 of which were located in the
Dominican Republic.
Disadvantages:
* Despite the theory behind the concept, unemployment remained high
in many places.
* EPZs have a reputation for low wages and poor working conditions.
* Detachment of these industries from the domestic economies.
* A large labour force, but with employees earning low wages and
remaining low-skilled.
* Reinvestment in the region was lower than anticipated and, once the
financial incentives ended, fi rms moved their factories and set up
production elsewhere.
