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Hematology I > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cytokines/hormones that have leukopoietin activity

A

Interleukins 1-19 (IL-1 to IL-19)
GM-CSF
G-CSF
M-CSF

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2
Q

Leukopoietins

A

Hormones and cytokines that induce growth and/or differentiation in leukocyte stem and blast cells

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3
Q

B lymphocytes

A

the primary source for humoral immune responses (antibody) by transformation into plasma cells

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4
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Responsible for cellular immune responses and are involved in the regulation of antibody reactions by either helping or suppressing the activation of B lymphocytes

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5
Q

Null cells

A

Third population cells

Lack B or T cell surface markers and are part of the innate immunity

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6
Q

2 types of null cells

A

Killer cells

Natural killer cells

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7
Q

Killer cells

A

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated lysis

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8
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Direct cytotoxic activity

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9
Q

Reference range for relative differential of neutrophils

A

50-70%

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10
Q

Reference range for relative differential of lymphocytes

A

20-40%

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11
Q

Reference range for relative differential of monocytes

A

2-9%

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12
Q

Reference range for relative differential of bands

A

2-6%

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13
Q

Reference range for relative differential of eosinophils

A

2-4%

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14
Q

Reference range for relative differential of basophils

A

1-2%

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15
Q

In a patient with a parasitic infection, what would we expect to see in their peripheral blood?

A

Elevated eosinophils (Eosinophils fight parasitic infections)

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16
Q

Why is the relative % of neutrophils so high compared to other WBCs in peripheral blood?

A

They have a shorter lifespan in the tissues compared to other WBCs

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17
Q

Lymphocyte maturation series

A

Lymphoblast, prolymphocyte, lymphocyte

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18
Q

Neutrophil maturation series

A 
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte 
Metamyelocyte 
Band
Segmented neutrophil
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19
Q

Primary granules in neutrophils

A

Azurophilic/nonspecific
Produced beginning at the promyelocyte stage
Lysozymes, myeloperoxidase, acid phosphatase, elastase

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20
Q

Secondary granules in neutrophils

A

Neutrophilic/specific
Produced beginning at the myelocyte stage
Lysoozyme, NADPH oxidase, cytochrome b, lactoferrin

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21
Q

Tertiary granules in neutrophils

A

Plasminogen activator
Alkaline phosphastase
Gelatinase

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22
Q

Monocyte/macrophage maturation series

A

Monoblast, promonocyte, monocyte, macrophage (once in tissues)

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23
Q

How long do monocytes live in the blood?

24
Q

Mast cells

Study These Flashcards
A

Mature basophils in the tissues

25
How long do neutrophils live in the blood before migrating to tissues?
8-10 hours
26
Function of neutrophils
To locate and then destroy pathogenic microorganisms by phagocytosis
27
Lifespan of neutrophils in tissues
3-5 days (shortest lifespan of all WBCs)
28
The blast cell of the granulocyte series is the:
Myeloblast
29
GM-CSF
Granulocyte monocyte (macrophage) - colony stimulating factor
30
Primary lymphoid tissues
Thymus and bone marrow
31
Which granulocyte contains histamine?
Basophil
32
What cell produces IgE?
B lymphocytes / plasma cells
33
First cell in the neutrophil series to contain secondary (specific) granules
Myelocyte
34
First cell in the neutrophil series to contain primary (nonspecific) granules
Promyelocyte
35
Granulocytes that have IgE receptors on their surface
Basophils and eosinophils
36
The killing cascade of the neutrophil includes:
Immune adherence (recognition) Endocytosis Lysosome fusion Killing and digestion
37
Leukotriene B is secreted by:
Membrane phospholipid
38
Variant lymphocytes account for what % of lymphocytes in peripheral blood?
5-6%
39
Increased number of variant lymphocytes in the peripheral blood signifies:
A viral infection
40
Interleukin 1 - where is it produced and what does it do?
Monocytes/macrophages Activates CD4 T cells by foreign antigen Stimulates hepatocytes to secrete acute phase proteins Stimulates GM-CSF Acts as an endogenous pyrogen in the inflammatory response
41
Eosinophils have on their membranes receptors specific for:
H1 histamine H2 histamine IgE
42
What is the % of lymphocytes in an adult that are B lymphocytes?
20-35%
43
What is the % of lymphocytes in an adult that are T lymphocytes
60-80%
44
In phagocytosis, the release of granular contents into the phagosome is called
Lysosome fusion
45
Increased number of monocytes in the peripheral blood
Monocytosis
46
Monocytosis
Increased number of monocytes in the peripheral blood
47
What happens to the macrophage when activated by cytokines from CD4 T cells?
They get bigger, stickier, hyper mobile, aggressively phagocytic They secrete chemicals and monokines
48
The macrophage acts as an antigen presenting cell to which of the follow cell for recognition
CD4 T cells
49
As a lymphocyte matures, what happens to the number of nucleoli?
Decreases
50
Under the influence of which interleukins do stem cells differentiate into the lymphoid stem cell
Interleukin 1 and Interleukin 6
51
Eosinophils and Basophils are found in high concentration in tissues in the
Lower genitourinary tract
52
The enzyme responsible for activation of the reaction in which oxygen is reduced to superoxide in the respiratory burst is:
NADPH oxidase (comes from the secondary granules)
53
Most chemotactic chemical factor that signals neutrophil response
Leukotriene B (secreted by membrane phospholipid)
54
Major basic protein is found in which type of WBC?
Eosinophils
55
The most potent killing device in the neutrophil
Respiratory burst

Hematology I (4 decks)

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